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chem > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

polarity is the distribution of

A

electrical charge over bonded atoms

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2
Q

a polar bond is formed between

A

two atoms with a difference in electronegativities by sharing electrons

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3
Q

a covalent bonds polarity depends on the

A

electronegativity difference between the bonding atoms

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4
Q

how do you determine molecular polarity when a molecule has multiple bonds between multiple atoms

A
  • polarity of bonds within molecule
  • geometry and symmetry
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5
Q

polar molecule

A

molecule where electrons are uneven, so one end has a positive charge and one has a negative

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6
Q

example of polar molecule

A

CO

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7
Q

non polar molecule

A

molecule where electrons are equally distributed, no localized charge

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8
Q

example of non polar molecule

A

CO2

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9
Q

water is a ___ molecule

A

polar

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10
Q

in a water molecule, the oxygen is a dipole negative charge, and the

A

hydrogen is dipole positive

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11
Q

a molecule can have polar covalent bonds but

A

still be non polar overall if the molecule is symmetrical

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12
Q

intramolecular forces are

A

forces WITHIN a single molecule (ionic and covalent bonds)

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13
Q

intermolecular forces are

A

BETWEEN two separate molecules (can der waal, dipole-dipole, london dispersion, hydrogen bonding)

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14
Q

intermolecular forces determine the

A
  • physical state
  • melting and boiling point
  • surface tension
  • solubility
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15
Q

there are no intermolecular forces in

A

ionic compounds (they don’t contain molecules)

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16
Q

ionic compounds don’t contain molecules, they contain

A

formula units

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17
Q

ionic bonds are generally very

A

strong

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18
Q

net dipole meaning

A

positive and negative end

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19
Q

polar molecules have a

A

net dipole

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20
Q

dipole-dipole force

A

intermolecular forces between oppositely charged ends of POLAR molecules

21
Q

london dispersion force is a force acting between

A

ALL molecules, polar and non polar

22
Q

the only intermolecular forces acting between non polar molecules are

A

london dispersion forces

23
Q

london dispersion force is the result from a

A

very short-lived separation of charge, or temporary dipole that occurs from temporary electron density fluctuations

24
Q

hydrogen bonds are

A

unusually strong dipole-dipole forces between positive hydrogen atoms and highly electronegative atoms

25
Q

hydrogen bond: molecule must contain

A

H bonded to O, N, or F

26
Q

HF can form

A

a hydrogen bond

27
Q

HCL cannot form

A

a hydrogen bond

28
Q

hydrogen bonding is why water is referred to as

A

the universal solvent

29
Q

biological example of hydrogen bonding:

A

DNA

30
Q

water is essential for

A

life

31
Q

most abundant compound on Earth’s surface

A

water

32
Q

water cycle recycles and

A

purifies water for us

33
Q

melting point of water

A

0 degrees celsius

34
Q

boiling point of water

A

100 degrees celsius

35
Q

forces that hold a water molecule together are

A

unusually strong

36
Q

water molecules have

A

hydrogen bonds between them

37
Q

normally, the solid state of a compound is more

A

dense than the liquid state

38
Q

ice floats in water, since molecules cannot move around and are less tightly

A

compact

39
Q

ice having a low density is

A

helpful for aquatic organisms to survive

40
Q

frozen water expands so often causes pipes to

A

burst or cracks in pavement or rock

41
Q

surface tension: the attractions between

A

molecules at the surface of a liquid

42
Q

water has unusually high surface __

A

tension

43
Q

insects can move along the surface of water and some small objects more

A

dense than water can remain on the surface of water

44
Q

hydrogen bonds allow water molecules to hold strongly to each other, pulling together and

A

resisting being broken apart

45
Q

water has an unusually high specific heat __

A

capacity

46
Q

water holds thermal energy

A

well without changing its temperature a great deal

47
Q

specific heat capacity:

A

the amount of energy that a mass of a substance can absorb and warm up by 1 degree celsius

48
Q

lakes and oceans influence our climate and weather patterns due to

A

the high specific heat capacity of water

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