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E. Science > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

developed idea for ecology for eco-house and logy-study

A

Ernst Haeckel

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2
Q

living, alive

A

Biotic

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3
Q

nonliving,physical

A

Abiotic

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4
Q

local, or global

specific, or generalized depending on questions

broadest field of the biological sciences

A

Ecology

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5
Q

A group of organisms that live in the same area at the same time

A

Population

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6
Q

An assosciation of all populations that live and interact with eachother at the same time.

A

Community

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7
Q

A community and its physical environment

A

Ecosystem

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8
Q

A region that includes several interacting ecosystems

A

Landscape

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9
Q
A

Biome

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10
Q

the parts of the earth, atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, that contain all life on earth.

A

Biosphere

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11
Q

gaseous envelope surrounding earth

A

Atmosphere

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12
Q

earth’s supply of water, liquid, solid, fresh, or salty

A

Hydrosphere

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13
Q

soil and rock of earth’s crust

A

Lithosphere

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14
Q

capacity or ability to do work

A

Energy

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15
Q

transmitted through electromagnetic waves

A

Radiant energy

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16
Q

heat that flows from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower tempertature

A

Thermal energy

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17
Q

stored in the bonds of molecules

A

Chemical energy

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18
Q

energy of movement in matter

A

Mechanical energy

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18
Q

converted to from atomic nuclei

A

Nuclear energy

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19
Q

radiant energy from the sun

A

Solar energy

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20
Q

flows as charged particles

A

Electrical energy

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20
Q

stored energy

A

Potential energy

21
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

22
Q

energy cannot be exchanged between this and its surroundings

like a thermos

A

Closed system

23
Q

energy is exchanged between the system and its surroundings

like the earth, or the ocean

A

open system

24
Q

study of energy and its transformations

A

Thermodynamics

25
Q

an organism may absorb energy from its surroundings or give some to its surroundings, but the total amount of energy is constant

A

1st law of thermodynamics

26
Q

when energy is converted from one form to the other some is dispersed as heat, a less usable form that disperses into the environment

A

2nd law of thermodynamics

26
Q

measure of disorder or chaos.

usable energy: low

unusable: high

A

entropy

27
Q

biological process in which light energy from the sun is taken and transformed into carbohydrate (glucose)

A

photosynthesis

28
Q

Molecules such as glucose are broken down in the presence of oxygen and water into C02 and water with a release of oxygen

A

Aerobic cellular respiration

29
Q

Seawater penetrates and is heated by the super hot rocks below. charged with hydrogen sulfide

A

Hydrothermal vents

30
Q

the process of transforming inorganic raw materials into carbohydrate molecules.

H2S reacts with oxygen producing water and sulfide

A

Chemosynthesis

31
Q

passage of energy in a one way direction through an ecosystem

A

Energy flow

32
Q

producers, manufacture organic materials from simple inorganic materials such as CO2 and water

A

Autotrophs

32
Q

consumers, use bodies of other organisms to gain energy

A

Heterotrophs

33
Q

eat producers, herbivores,

A

Primary consumers

34
Q

eat primary consumers, carnivores

third level consumers, or tertiary consumers, consume secondary consumers

A

Secondary consumers

35
Q

an orgainsim’s position on the food chain, determined by feeding relationships

1-producer

2- primary consumer

3-secondary consumer

A

Trophic level

36
Q

chain-one way chain of energy tranfers

web- a representation of interlocking food chains that connects all organisms in an ecosystem

A

Food chain/ web

37
Q

heterotrophs that break down dead organic material to supply themselves with energy, saprotrophs

A

decomposers

38
Q

common in aquatic environments, consume detritus (dead organic material) crabs, snails, worms

A

Detritivores

39
Q

consumers that are both trophic level 2 and 3

consume plants and animals

A

omnivores

40
Q

large population of herbivores, tiny shrimps, consumed by baleen whales

A

krill

41
Q

causes for collapse of antarctic food web

A
  1. baleen whales decreased, krill increased, other krill eaters increased
  2. global warming decreased amount of pack ice
  3. decrease of ozone put the base of the web’s algae in danger
42
Q

hippo-tilapia connection

A

hippos eat a lot, then produce up to 4o lbs of poop every day

algae feeds on poop, then grows

tilapia feed on algae

hippos died, less poop, less algae, tilapia started dying

43
Q

Quantitative estimate of the total amount of mass of living material

A

biomass

44
Q

illustrates totoal biomass on each successive trophic level

A

pyramid of biomass

45
Q

graphically represent the relative energy values on each trophic level

A

ecological pyramid

46
Q

illustrates total amount of energy represented in kilocalories per square meter per year of the biomass of each trophic level

A

pyramid of energy

47
Q

shows the number of organisms at each trophic level in a given ecosystem with greater numbers illustrated by a larger part of the pyramid

A

pyramid of numbers

48
Q

the total amount of photosynthetic energy plants capture and assimilate in a given period

A

gross primary productivity

49
Q

productivity after respiration losses are subtracted

A

net primary productivity

50
Q

vitousek’s and rojstaczer’s research

A
  • humans represent .5% of earth’s population, but we consume 32% of annual NPP produced
  • This has resulted in many species becoming extinct.
  • At his rate, serious danger awaits in the future in terms of the planet’s ability to support the biotic and abiotic inhabitants of it
  • If we want our planet to operate sustainably, we must share our terrestrial photosynthesis products, NPP, with all other organisms

E. Science (5 decks)

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