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AP 1 Chapter 3 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Lipid by layer provides protection controls permeability, isolation, sensitivity

A

Cell membrane

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2
Q

Entire cellular content, cytosol, and organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

Fluid part of the cell, syrupy fluid in which organelles float

A

Cytosol

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4
Q

Network of proteins that give the cell shape and support

A

Cytoskeleton

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5
Q

Long membrane extensions that move substances along the cell surface

A

Cilia

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6
Q

Separate chromosomes during cell division often found in right angles

A

Centrioles

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7
Q

Synthesize proteins, freely floating in cytosol, synthesize proteins that remain in the cell

A

Free ribosome

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8
Q

Are attached to the rough endoplasmic rectilium. Synthesized proteins that are going to be excreted

A

Bound ribosome

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9
Q

Double membrane with pores, it stores and protects DNA

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Has bound ribosomes on its surface, it packages proteins for transport in the cell for secretion

A

Rough endoplasmic rectilium

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11
Q

Lacks ribosomes on its surface, synthesize lipids for membrane growth and repair

A

Smooth endoplasmic rectilium

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12
Q

Short membrane extensions that increase the surface area for absorption

A

Microvilli

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13
Q

Series of flattened membranous sacs; modify proteins and package them into secretory vesicles for release

A

Golgi apparatus

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14
Q

Contain enzymes that convert glucose and oxygen into 36 atp

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

Specialized vessels that contain enzymes that digest foreign substances

A

Lysosomes

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16
Q

Scientists estimate that each cell of the body contains instructions, written in a chemical language called_______ to synthesize somewhere between 10,000 and 30,000 different proteins

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA

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17
Q

Are organic molecules that perform a very large majority of the functions within a cell

A

Proteins

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18
Q

Make up the cytoskeleton and other structural elements

A

Structural proteins

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19
Q

Some proteins are called ______, proteins involved in biochemical reactions that do things like break down large molecules into smaller ones, and they can also build large molecules from smaller ones

A

Enzymes

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20
Q

All of these thousands of proteins are made of the exact same 20 building blocks called

A

Amino acids

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21
Q

What makes one protein different from all the others is the number and order of the

A

Amino acids

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22
Q

Our protein factory has a distinct outer wall, the _______, which isolates the internal environment from other cells and chemicals.

A

Cell membrane

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23
Q

The cell membrane is composed of ________

A

Lipids
Proteins
Cholesterol
Carbohydrates

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24
Q

This ________ regulates what substances can enter or exit the cell which makes the cell semi permeable

A

Cell membrane

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25
Q

All the contents of the cell are called the ______, which includes a syrupy liquid called ______ and all the organelles floating in the syrup

A

Cytoplasm

Cytosol

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26
Q

The control center for our cells is called

A

The nucleus

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27
Q

The membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the ________ and is a double membrane with openings in it called ______, for small chemicals to pass

A

Nuclear envelope

Nuclear pores

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28
Q

The nucleus contains molecules of _______ which is the instructions for the order and arrangement of the amino acids in every protein for the cell

A

DNA

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29
Q

Builds the protein products is the

A

Ribosome

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30
Q

Ribosomes simply wait for instructions called_________ on which protein is currently needed and how to build that specific protein

A

MRNA

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31
Q

If a protein stays within the cell it is synthesized on a

A

Free ribosome

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32
Q

If the protein is to be secreted, when the ribosome binds to mRNA it will then attach to the __________, build the protein, and then insert into the lumen of the _______

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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33
Q

Ribosomes that are bound to the ER are referred to as ?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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34
Q

Once built, the ER will pinch off a piece of its membrane into a tiny vesicle called a ________ which then carries the protein to the Golgi apparatus

A

Transport vesicle

35
Q

The ______ is a series of flattened membrane sacs that contain enzymes that can modify the protein into its final, functional form and package it into a vesicle to be secreted called _______

A

Golgi apparatus

Secretory vesicle

36
Q

Every factory must have a power source, and in cells the source of energy is the

A

Mitochondrion

37
Q

Mitochondria burns sugars, like glucose, in the presence of oxygen to create cellular energy called

A

Adenosine tri-phosphate ATP

38
Q

Provides approximately 95% or more of the cells energy

A

Mitochondria

39
Q

If something needs to be cleaned up or removed from the cell, a special vesicle called a _______ performs the function

40
Q

Are similar to transport vesicles but the proteins they contain are called digestive enzymes, which are powerful proteins that can digest and destroy foreign substances like viruses, debris, viruses, as well as worn out or damaged organelles

41
Q

The ______ is made up of a phospholipid bilayer and separates the intracelluar and extra cellular fluids.

A

Cell membrane also called the plasmalemma

42
Q

Best working definition of the cell membrane
Complex mixture of lipids in the bilayer
Proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol mixed in

A

Fluid mosaic model

43
Q

Four functions of the cell membrane

A

Isolation
Protection
Permeability
Sensitivity

44
Q

Move stuff within or into or out of the cell by burning cellular energy

A

Active transport

45
Q

Move stuff into and out of the cell without burning energy

A

Passive transport

46
Q

Is the passive movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low concentration

47
Q

One substance requires the presence of another substance to move passively

A

Facilitated diffusion

48
Q

Movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

49
Q

If diffusion cannot occur _______ will and in the opposite direction

50
Q

Draw and describe a typical phospholipid found in animal cells

A

Hydrophilic head

Hydrophobic tail

51
Q

Rupturing of an RBC when placed in a hypotonic solution

52
Q

The only thing a RBC is permeable to is

A

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Water

53
Q

Is a shriveling of an RBC in a hypertonic solution

54
Q

Concentration of a solute in a solution

55
Q

Higher concentration of a solution

A

Hypertonic

56
Q

Lower concentration of a solution

57
Q

Same concentration of a solute

58
Q

Red blood cells are ?

A

Erythrocytes
0.9 sodium chloride

59
Q

To fight the rate of diffusion we must actively pump ions against their pressure gradients. The cell has a special integral membrane protein called the _________ that gets the job done. One square micrometer contains approximately 1000 pumps in an average cell

A

Sodium potassium pump

60
Q

All Nucleic acids are long chains of

A

Nucleotides

61
Q

Nucleotides are made of three things

A

Carbon sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogen base

62
Q

Involves moving vesicles around inside the cell, as well as moving substances into and out of the cell

A

Vesicular transport

63
Q

The process of substances exiting the cell using a secretory vesicle as in the form of active transport

A

Exocytosis

64
Q

Process of substances entering the cell using a vesicle

A

Endocytosis

65
Q

There are two categories of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis

Pinocytosis

66
Q

Eat solid substances viruses, bacteria, food, is taken in by endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis

67
Q

Is when the cell takes in intracellular fluid using a vesicle

A

Pinocytosis

68
Q

Red blood cells are not permeable to

A

Sodium chloride

69
Q

Red blood cells when placed in a hypertonic solution the cell will?

A

Shrivel up

70
Q

When red blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution the cell will ?

71
Q

Normal saline solution is _______ to red blood cells

72
Q

What is ATP ?

A

1 adenosine molecule with 3 phosphates attached

73
Q

Glucose and oxygen run them through mitochondria and it will produce

74
Q

What is the function of the sodium potassium pump ?

A

It pumps three intracellular sodiums back out of the cell and pumps two potassium’s back into the cell and it’s a form of active transport

75
Q

Vesicular transport is a form of

A

Active transport

76
Q

An opening in the nuclear envelope that allows substances to enter and exit the nucleus

A

Nuclear pores

77
Q

Two strands of nucleotides that are coiled around each other

A

Double helix

78
Q

A series of bases (nucleotides) on a chromosome that is the instructions for the order of amino acids in a protein

79
Q

Loosely coiled dna

80
Q

Densely coiled DNA

A

Chromosome

81
Q

The five carbon sugar found in DNA called ?

the five carbon sugar found in RNA is called ?

A

Deoxyribose

Ribose

82
Q

Phosphate group for DNA and RNA is ?

83
Q

Nitrogenous base for DNA

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

84
Q

Nitrogenous base for RNA

A

Adenine
Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine

AP 1 Chapter 3 (1 decks)

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