Chapter 3 Flashcards
A visual representation of the occurrence of behavior over time
Graph
Why do behavior analysts use graphs?
Graphs help identify the level of behavior before treatment and after treatment begins & allows for easier comparison of a behavior
The horizontal axis
The x- axis or abscissa
The vertical axis
Y axis or ordinate
What are the six components of a graph?
- The y-axis and x-axis
- The labels for the y & x axis
- The numbers on the x & y axis
- Data points
- Phase lines
- Phase labels
- The y-axis and x - axis
Needs to be included in a graph
- The labels for the y and x axis
The y- axis label usually tells the behavior and the dimension of the behavior recorded. The x- axis usually tell the unit of time during which the behavior is recorded.
- The numbers on the y and x axis
The y- axis has numbers that indicate the units of measurement of the behavior. The x axis has numbers that indicate the measurement of time.
- Data points
Must be plotted correctly to indicate the level of the behavior that occurred at each particular time period
- Phase lines
Vertical line on a graph that indicates a change in treatment.
- Phase labels
The phase label appears at the top of graph above the particular phase. “Baseline” is label most often given to the no treatment phase.
What are additional aspects that may be recorded and graphed?
Frequency, intensity, duration, and latency (think chapter 1)
What is the purpose of a research design?
To determine whether treatment was responsible for the change in observable behavior
The independent variable is ___ & the dependent variable is ___
What the researcher manipulates ; the target behavior
When a researcher shows that a behavior modification procedure causes a target behavior to change they demonstrate a
Functional relationship
A functional relationship is established if:
a. A target behavior changes when an independent variable is manipulated while other variables are held constant
b. The process can be replicated at least once while the behavior changes each time
What is an A-B design?
A design with two phases- baseline and treatment
What do we compare in a A-B design?
We compare baseline and treatment to determine whether a behavior changed in the expected ways after treatment
Why is a AB design not functional?
It is not functional because treatment isn’t replicable and it does not rule out extraneous variables
Is the AB design a true research design ?
No, it is a rarely used by behavior analyst in behavior modification
What is the ABAB reversal design?
Baseline and treatment phases are implemented twice and after the first treatment phase, the treatment is removed and reverses back to baseline
Can more that one treatment be evaluated into a ABAB reversal design?
Yes, if B doesn’t work you can implement a treatment C
What should be taken into account before using an ABAB reversal design 
- Might be unethical to remove treatment in the second baseline
- You must be pretty certain that the level of the behavior will reverse when treatment is withdrawn
- Consider if you can actually remove the treatment (you cannot undo learning)
What are the three types of multiple baseline designs?
- Multiple baseline across subjects design
- Multiple baseline across behaviors design
- Multiple baseline across settings design
