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Clinical Microbiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

coccus bacteria shape

A

spherical or ball-shaped

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2
Q

bacillus bacteria shape

A

rod, cylindrical

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3
Q

vibrio bacteria shape

A

rods that are gently curved

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4
Q

spirillum bacteria shape

A

slightly curled or spiral-shaped body (rigid helix)

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5
Q

spirochete bacteria shape

A

corkscrew-shaped; spiral cell, more flexible (resembles a spring)

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6
Q

filaments bacteria shape

A

produce multiple branches off of a basic rod

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7
Q

what are staphylococci (micrococci)?

A

irregular clusters of cocci cells

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8
Q

what are streptococci?

A

chains of cocci

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9
Q

what are sarcina?

A

cubical packet of eight, sixteen, or more cocci cells

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10
Q

what are streptobacilli?

A

chain of several bacilli

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11
Q

what are palisades?

A

bacilli cells of a chain remain partially attached by a small hinge region at the ends

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12
Q

spirilla definition

A

occasionally found in short chains

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13
Q

spirochetes definition

A

rarely remain attached after cell division

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14
Q

Monotrichous flagella

A

single flagellum

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15
Q

Lophotrichous flagella

A

small bunches or tufts of flagella emerging from the same site

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16
Q

Amphitrichous flagella

A

flagella at both poles of the cell

17
Q

Petrichous flagella arrangement

A

flagella are dispersed randomly over the surface of the cell

18
Q

What are the 2 types of chemotaxis (explain each)

A

positive chemotaxis: movement toward a favorable chemical stimulus

negative chemotaxis: movement away from a repellant

19
Q

role of fimbriae

A
  • bristle-like fibers sprouting off the surface of many bacterial cells
  • allow tight adhesion between fimbriae and epithelial cells, allowing bacteria to colonize and infect host tissues
20
Q

role of pili

A

-used in conjugation between bacterial cells (partial DNA transfer from one cell to another)

21
Q

what can Type IV pilus do?

A

it can transfer genetic material, act like fimbriae and assist in attachment, and act like flagella and make a bacterium motile

22
Q

what are nanotubes (nanowires)?

A
  • thin, long, tubular extensions of the cytoplasmic membrane

- used as channels to transfer amino acids or to harvest energy by shuttling electrons to iron-rich substances

23
Q

what is the S layer in bacteria?

A

single layers of thousands of copies of a single protein linked together like tiny chain link fences (armour)

  • only produced when bacteria are in a hostile environemnet
24
Q

what is glycocalyx role in bacteria?

A

coating of repeating polysaccharide or glycoprotein units

25
Q

what are the types of glycocalyx layer

A

slime layer: loose, protects against loss of water and nutrients

capsule: more tightly bound, denser, and thicker; produce a sticky (mucoid) character to colonies on agar

26
Q

2 types of flagellar movement

A

run: rotation fo flagellum counterclockwise, resulting in a smooth linear direction
tumble: reversal of the direction of the flagellum, causing the cell to stop and change course (clockwise)

27
Q

3 layers of the cell envelope

A

cell wall
cytoplasmic (cell) membrane
outer membrane

28
Q

What are Mycoplasmas

A

bacteria that naturally lack a cell wall; have sterols in the cell membrane that stabilize the cell against lysis

29
Q

What are L forms

A

bacteria that naturally have cell walls but lose it during part of their life cycle

30
Q

What disease does Bacillus anthracis cause?

A

anthrax

31
Q

What disease does Clostridium tetani cause?

A

tetanus

32
Q

What disease does Clostridium perfringens cause?

A

gas gangrene

33
Q

What disease does Clostridium botulinum cause?

A

botulism

34
Q

What disease does Clostridioides difficile cause?

A

a serious gastrointestinal disease

Clinical Microbiology (6 decks)

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