chapter 3 Flashcards
The Cell
The cell is the base unit of all living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life
Nucleus
guides the cell functions. Acts as the brain
Mitochondria
is the powerhouse of the cell
Cell Membrane
Surrounds and protects
Controls exchanges between the inside and outside
Cytoplasm
Jelly like substance that contains parts called organelles
Chromosomes
Contains millions of genes
Contains hereditary information
Hereditary Information
Determines our traits which are heritable Eye colour Baldness (if you are lucky like me) Skin colour Height to some extent
What is a chromosome
Tiny but extremely component of the cell found within the nucleus
Each species has a specific number of chromosomes
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes - total of 46
Difference in male and female chromosomes?
Females have XX on the 23rd Pair
Males have XY on the 23rd Pair
What is a gene
A gene is a unit of hereditary information that occupies a specific place within a chromosome
23 pairs of chromosomes in a human cell contain around 30,000 genes
Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of solute particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
Diffusion in a cell
Concentration of the solute inside the cell is different from its concentration in the cell’s environment
What is osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of a solvent (usually water)from a region of low solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration
Photosynthesis
Inputs
Sunlight (energy)
carbon dioxide
water
Outputs
Glucose
Oxygen
Cellular Respiration
Input
Oxygen
Sugar
Output
Energy
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Chloroplasts and photosynthesis
Chloroplast is part of the of a plant cell
Inside the chloroplast is chlorophyll
This substance can capture the energy of the sun
