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Kin 362 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

ATP-CP system is the _____ system for ____

A

1) alactic

2) Power

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2
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis is the ____ system for _____

A

1) Lactic system

2) Speed

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3
Q

Aerobic metabolism is aka ______ and it’s used for _____

A

1) Oxidative phosphorylation

2) Endurance

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4
Q

All 3 energy systems are used all the time but the amount each is used depends on the _____ and _____ of exercise

A

Duration and intensity

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5
Q

Once produced, ATP is stored in the ____ and it lasts ____ seconds

A

1) Muscle

2) 2-3 seconds

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6
Q

The amount of PC stored in muscles is about ____ that of ATP

A

3x

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7
Q

Most resynthesis of ATP from PC takes place in the first ___ seconds of maximal muscle contraction and little occurs after ____ seconds

A

1) 10

2) 20

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8
Q

Muscle fibre that are high in PC are ___ and ____

A

1) Fast glycolytic

2) Fast oxidative-glycolytic

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9
Q

Muscle fibers low in PC are ____

A

Slow oxidative

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10
Q

Fast glycolytic muscle fibres are aka ____

A

1) Type 2x

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11
Q

Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic are aka ____

A

Type 2a

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12
Q

Slow oxidative fibers are aka ____

A

Type 1

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13
Q

There is relative contributions of aerobic and anaerobic energy production at _________ for varying durations

A

Maximal maintainable intensity

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14
Q

POWER event

1) Duration is?
2) Example?
3) Enzyme system?
4) Enzyme location
5) Fuel storage site?
6) Rate of process
7) Storage form?
8) Oxygen involvement?

A

1) 0-2 seconds
2) weight-lifting/shotput
3) single enzyme
4) Cytosol
5) Cytosol
6) immediate/very fast
7) ATP + CP
8) No

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15
Q

Phosphocreatine is similar to ATP in that energy is released when the _____

A

Phosphate group is cleaved from CP

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16
Q

Cells store 5x more ____ than ____

A

CP than ATP

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17
Q

When ADP concentration increases intracellularly, _____ cleaves PCr.

In other words, as ATP is used up, ____ provides energy to resynthesize more _____ quickly

A

1) Creatine Kinase
2) PCr
3) ATP

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18
Q

AMP, ADP, Pi and Cr signal the cells to initiate ______ and initiate _____

A

1) Glucose/glycogen breakdown (glycolysis)

2) Initiate mitochondrial ATP production (aerobic metabolism)

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19
Q

ATP-CP system is for sports that demand a very high ____ and adequate _____

A

1) Intensity

2) recovery times

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20
Q

Physical training increases the muscles quantity of ____

A

high energy phosphates

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21
Q

At low intensity (walking) you will not notice any ______ because _____ and the ____ take over easily without fatigue or change in performance

A

1) ATP-PC Fatigue
2) Anaerobic glycolysis
3) Aerobic system

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22
Q

At moderate intensity (Jogging) you are unlikely to feel fatigue in terms of ______

A

1) Changes in performance

23
Q

At high intensity (Sprinting) performance is likely to decrease after ____

A

5-10 seconds before anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic metabolism kicks in

24
Q

What will ATP-PC fatigue feel like?

1) Not likely to cause ____ due to ____ from ____
2) Not likely to feel ___
3) Likely to simply be a _____

A

1) burning in the legs; lactate build up; anaerobic glycolysis
2) out of breathe
3) Decrease in performance (lowering of intensity)

25
Q

What will ATP-PC fatigue feel like?

1) Not likely to cause ____ due to ____ from ____
2) Not likely to feel ___
3) Likely to simply be a _____

A

1) burning in the legs; lactate build up; anaerobic glycolysis
2) out of breathe
3) Decrease in performance (lowering of intensity)

26
Q

ATP-PC system half-life recovery is about ____

A

20-25 seconds

27
Q

ATP-PC full recovery is ____

A

3-5 minutes

28
Q

This recovery time refers to the energy system, not other factors in performance like _____

A

neuromuscular recovery

29
Q

creatine supplements can increase muscle creatine content by ____

A

10-40% (depends on starting concentration)

30
Q

ppl with higher _____ distribution have greater response potential to creatine

A

1) Fast twitch fiber

31
Q

Creatine results in about ___% increase in body mass and about __% increase in muscle strength

A

2%

11%

32
Q

Creatine does not increase ____

A

muscle protein synthesis

33
Q

Creatine mechanism 1: Increased creatine means increased levels of ____ for rephosphorylation of ____

A

1) PC

2) ADP to ATP

34
Q

Creatine mechanism 2: Stimulation of PFK (the rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis) occurs when ______

A

1) CP levels decline

35
Q

Creatine mechanism 3: creatine can be effective if Increased muscle glycogen is combined with a _____

A

High carbohydrate diet

36
Q

creatine effectiveness depends in large part on the ____

A

exercise category

37
Q

Greatest improvement in performance from creatine occurs in the _____ where high power output lasts only for a matter of seconds

A

later bouts of a repetitive exercise

38
Q

Speed exercise (Anaerobic glycolysis)

1) Duration?
2) Example?
3) enzyme system
4) enzyme location
5) fuel storage site
6) rate of process
7) storage form
8) oxygen involvement

A

1) 4-50 seconds
2) 100-400m run
3) one complex pathway
4) cytosol
5) cytosol
6) rapid
7) muscle glycogen and glucose
8) No

39
Q

When the demand for ATP exceeds the capacity of the phosphagen system and the aerobic system the ____ system is used to make ATP

A

Fast glycolysis

40
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis can provide _____

A

supplemental energy quickly

41
Q

Rate of ATP production from glycolysis reaches its max about ___ seconds after initiation of contraction and is maintained at this rate for _____

A

1) 5 seconds

2) several seconds

42
Q

cost of anaerobic glycolysis is that the production of ____ often exceeds clearance and ____ accumulates

A

lactic acid; lactate

43
Q

There is a transfer of _____ ions to pyruvic acid which is reduced to ____

A

hydrogen ions; lactate

44
Q

under normal conditions, lactic acid is produced in amounts that are in ______

A

equilibrium with pyruvic acid

45
Q

Both resting and exercise blood lactate levels depend on the balance between ______ and ____

A

lactic acid production; lactic acid removal/turnover

46
Q

what leads to lactate production? 5 things

A

1) Muscle contraction
2) enzyme activity
3) muscle fiber type
4) sympathetic neurohormonal activation
5) insufficient oxygen

47
Q

What causes lactate clearance 4 things

A

1) Oxidation
2) transamination
3) gluconeogenesis/glyconeogensis
4) sweat

48
Q

Muscle contraction: calcium causes glycogen breakdown by activating _____

A

glycogen phosphorylase

49
Q

Enzyme activity: an increase in pyruvate stimulates _____

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

50
Q

Muscle fiber type: preferential recruitment of _____ muscle fibers increases lactate production due to ____

A

Fast glycolytic; LDH isoforms

51
Q

Sympathetic neurohormonal activation: _____ and ____ stimulate glucose-6-phosphate which increases rate of glycolysis

A

ephinephrine; glucagon

52
Q

insufficient oxygen: Lack of delivery of oxygen to mitochondria means that ____

A

glycolysis cannot continue

53
Q

Lactate moves freely between cells, muscle, blood and liver using ______ aka ____

A

lactate transport proteins; monocarboxylate transporters

Kin 362 (4 decks)

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