Chapter 3 Flashcards
ATP-CP system is the _____ system for ____
1) alactic
2) Power
Anaerobic glycolysis is the ____ system for _____
1) Lactic system
2) Speed
Aerobic metabolism is aka ______ and it’s used for _____
1) Oxidative phosphorylation
2) Endurance
All 3 energy systems are used all the time but the amount each is used depends on the _____ and _____ of exercise
Duration and intensity
Once produced, ATP is stored in the ____ and it lasts ____ seconds
1) Muscle
2) 2-3 seconds
The amount of PC stored in muscles is about ____ that of ATP
3x
Most resynthesis of ATP from PC takes place in the first ___ seconds of maximal muscle contraction and little occurs after ____ seconds
1) 10
2) 20
Muscle fibre that are high in PC are ___ and ____
1) Fast glycolytic
2) Fast oxidative-glycolytic
Muscle fibers low in PC are ____
Slow oxidative
Fast glycolytic muscle fibres are aka ____
1) Type 2x
Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic are aka ____
Type 2a
Slow oxidative fibers are aka ____
Type 1
There is relative contributions of aerobic and anaerobic energy production at _________ for varying durations
Maximal maintainable intensity
POWER event
1) Duration is?
2) Example?
3) Enzyme system?
4) Enzyme location
5) Fuel storage site?
6) Rate of process
7) Storage form?
8) Oxygen involvement?
1) 0-2 seconds
2) weight-lifting/shotput
3) single enzyme
4) Cytosol
5) Cytosol
6) immediate/very fast
7) ATP + CP
8) No
Phosphocreatine is similar to ATP in that energy is released when the _____
Phosphate group is cleaved from CP
Cells store 5x more ____ than ____
CP than ATP
When ADP concentration increases intracellularly, _____ cleaves PCr.
In other words, as ATP is used up, ____ provides energy to resynthesize more _____ quickly
1) Creatine Kinase
2) PCr
3) ATP
AMP, ADP, Pi and Cr signal the cells to initiate ______ and initiate _____
1) Glucose/glycogen breakdown (glycolysis)
2) Initiate mitochondrial ATP production (aerobic metabolism)
ATP-CP system is for sports that demand a very high ____ and adequate _____
1) Intensity
2) recovery times
Physical training increases the muscles quantity of ____
high energy phosphates
At low intensity (walking) you will not notice any ______ because _____ and the ____ take over easily without fatigue or change in performance
1) ATP-PC Fatigue
2) Anaerobic glycolysis
3) Aerobic system
At moderate intensity (Jogging) you are unlikely to feel fatigue in terms of ______
1) Changes in performance
At high intensity (Sprinting) performance is likely to decrease after ____
5-10 seconds before anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic metabolism kicks in
What will ATP-PC fatigue feel like?
1) Not likely to cause ____ due to ____ from ____
2) Not likely to feel ___
3) Likely to simply be a _____
1) burning in the legs; lactate build up; anaerobic glycolysis
2) out of breathe
3) Decrease in performance (lowering of intensity)
What will ATP-PC fatigue feel like?
1) Not likely to cause ____ due to ____ from ____
2) Not likely to feel ___
3) Likely to simply be a _____
1) burning in the legs; lactate build up; anaerobic glycolysis
2) out of breathe
3) Decrease in performance (lowering of intensity)
ATP-PC system half-life recovery is about ____
20-25 seconds
ATP-PC full recovery is ____
3-5 minutes
This recovery time refers to the energy system, not other factors in performance like _____
neuromuscular recovery
creatine supplements can increase muscle creatine content by ____
10-40% (depends on starting concentration)
ppl with higher _____ distribution have greater response potential to creatine
1) Fast twitch fiber
Creatine results in about ___% increase in body mass and about __% increase in muscle strength
2%
11%
Creatine does not increase ____
muscle protein synthesis
Creatine mechanism 1: Increased creatine means increased levels of ____ for rephosphorylation of ____
1) PC
2) ADP to ATP
Creatine mechanism 2: Stimulation of PFK (the rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis) occurs when ______
1) CP levels decline
Creatine mechanism 3: creatine can be effective if Increased muscle glycogen is combined with a _____
High carbohydrate diet
creatine effectiveness depends in large part on the ____
exercise category
Greatest improvement in performance from creatine occurs in the _____ where high power output lasts only for a matter of seconds
later bouts of a repetitive exercise
Speed exercise (Anaerobic glycolysis)
1) Duration?
2) Example?
3) enzyme system
4) enzyme location
5) fuel storage site
6) rate of process
7) storage form
8) oxygen involvement
1) 4-50 seconds
2) 100-400m run
3) one complex pathway
4) cytosol
5) cytosol
6) rapid
7) muscle glycogen and glucose
8) No
When the demand for ATP exceeds the capacity of the phosphagen system and the aerobic system the ____ system is used to make ATP
Fast glycolysis
Anaerobic glycolysis can provide _____
supplemental energy quickly
Rate of ATP production from glycolysis reaches its max about ___ seconds after initiation of contraction and is maintained at this rate for _____
1) 5 seconds
2) several seconds
cost of anaerobic glycolysis is that the production of ____ often exceeds clearance and ____ accumulates
lactic acid; lactate
There is a transfer of _____ ions to pyruvic acid which is reduced to ____
hydrogen ions; lactate
under normal conditions, lactic acid is produced in amounts that are in ______
equilibrium with pyruvic acid
Both resting and exercise blood lactate levels depend on the balance between ______ and ____
lactic acid production; lactic acid removal/turnover
what leads to lactate production? 5 things
1) Muscle contraction
2) enzyme activity
3) muscle fiber type
4) sympathetic neurohormonal activation
5) insufficient oxygen
What causes lactate clearance 4 things
1) Oxidation
2) transamination
3) gluconeogenesis/glyconeogensis
4) sweat
Muscle contraction: calcium causes glycogen breakdown by activating _____
glycogen phosphorylase
Enzyme activity: an increase in pyruvate stimulates _____
Lactate dehydrogenase
Muscle fiber type: preferential recruitment of _____ muscle fibers increases lactate production due to ____
Fast glycolytic; LDH isoforms
Sympathetic neurohormonal activation: _____ and ____ stimulate glucose-6-phosphate which increases rate of glycolysis
ephinephrine; glucagon
insufficient oxygen: Lack of delivery of oxygen to mitochondria means that ____
glycolysis cannot continue
Lactate moves freely between cells, muscle, blood and liver using ______ aka ____
lactate transport proteins; monocarboxylate transporters
