Chapter 3 Flashcards
New England Colonies
Massachusetts (Plymouth, Mass. Bay), Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut
Who were the Puritans?
English Protestants who were unhappy with the England Church
- hard workers
- calling from God
“visible saints”
Who did the Puritans follow?
John Calvin
- believed in predestination
- believed that the church should be purified
Who were the Separatists?
- Hardcore Puritans, Left church rather than push for reforms
- leaves england and settles in holland then heads for Plymouth
Pilgrims When? Where? Leaders? Details?
When? 1620
Where? Plymouth, MA
Leaders? William Bradford, Miles Standish
Details? Under the authority of the VA Company, draws up the Mayflower Compact
- 1st year is death and sickness
by 1691 they merge with mass. bay
Massachusetts Bay Who? When? Where? Leaders? Details
Who? Puritans
When? 1630
Where? Massachusetts Bay
Leaders? John Winthrop (City on a Hill- A model of Christian Charity)
Details? Wanted to be a utopic and be an example for old England
What was New England social life like?
- Settled as families
- Settled in towns, orderly expansion
- Longer life expectancy
- Strong emphases on education (Old Deluder Satan Law) (Form Harvard)
What as the Geography of New England?
- Cold Winters
- Rocky/sandy soil
- Tied to the sea
What was the economy of New England like?
- More diverse than southern colonies
- subsistence farming
- fishing, lumber
- hard working
- less class divisions
What kind of colony was Mass. Bay
Charter
Quasi-theocracy
Religion and State
Examples of the New England way
- Church members could vote and hold office
- townmeetings in church
- tax $ for church
What was the General Court?
Gov. body that provides legislative and judicial functions
Dissenters of the Puritans?
Roger Williams- Supported separation of church and state, booted to Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson- disagreed with leaders, gender issue, midwife leading wives astray
Halfway Covenant
Need conversion to become a full church member, problems with babies dying before baptism…. SO, people had to make a promise which allowed babies to be baptized
Describe the Relationship between the Indians and the Puritans in the beginning
In the beginning relations were good
- John Elliot creates praying towns
What negatively happened between the Indians and the Puritans?
- Pequot War, Bay colonists wanted to claim Conn., belonged to Pequot Indians
King Philips War
Try to unite Indians to end White expansion, however Metacom (leader and grandson of Massasoit), dies and Indians lose
New England Confederation
Formed in 1640, created by England to defend against Indians and Dutch
Revolt against Edmund Andros
1685, Gov. of England revoked the charter of Mass. Bay and creates Navication Acts, tightening control over Northern Colonies
Rhode Island
Founded by Roger Williams
- More democratic
- Separation of Church and State
- More tolerant of religions
- was viewed as inferior
Connecticut “constitution state”
Was originally Hartford- and New Haven, was merged by a royal charter
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Described the structure and powers of a government- features of the constitution
New Hampshire
Started as a fishing and trading settlements, later became a royal colony
Middle Colonies
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware
- founded later, difficult to generalize about
Geography of the Middle Colonies
- Good soil, “bread colonies”
- available land - rapid growth
- good rivers
New York msc. knowledge
- founded by the Dutch
- was a business venture
- Cosmopolitan
- 1660 was taken by English to link the colonies
- good harbor
Pennsylvania
- largest and most important of the middle
- founded by William Penn
- goals— 1, financial. 2, Be a utopia for quaker principles
- Pennsylvania Dutch (germans)
- Economy- Farming
Who are the Quakers?
“Society of Friends”
- Followed their own conscious
- Pacifists
- Tolerant of religion, nationalities, anti slavery
New Jersey
Puritans and quakers
Delaware
- Dutch and Swedes (log cabins, wagons)
- close ties to PA
Middle Colony Summary
Mix of ethnic groups
Religious Diversity
“Politics” emerged here
“Most American”?
