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Science, Technology, and Society > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Nichomachean Ethics is written by

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

He is considered as “The Philosopher” in the Middle Ages

A

Aristotle

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3
Q

Nichomachean Ethics is a treatise on the nature of __________ and __________, based on the unique essence of human nature

A

moral life; human happiness

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4
Q

True or False

Nichomachean Ethics is named after one of Aristotle’s students

A

False

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5
Q

It outlines that ultimate goods are better than instrumental goods

A

The Greatest Good: Eudaimonia / Eudaimonia

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6
Q

True or False

Every action aims at some good

A

True

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7
Q

True or False

Instrumental goods and ultimate goods are aimed at for their own sakes

A

False

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8
Q

These are aimed at only insofar as they are for the sake of something else

A

Instrumental Goods

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9
Q

Which among the following are the candidates of ultimate good?
Happiness, Wisdom, Wealth, Fame & Honor, Pleasure

A

Pleasure, Wealth, Fame & Honor, Happiness

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10
Q

The critique of this ultimate good critique is complete and self-sufficient

A

Happiness

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11
Q

The critique of this ultimate good critique is transient and not complete

A

Pleasure

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12
Q

The critique of this ultimate good critique is only instrumental and not self-sufficient

A

Wealth

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13
Q

The critique of this ultimate good critique depends on others and not self-sufficient

A

Fame & Honor

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14
Q

Well-being or doing well

A

Eudaimonia

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15
Q

Activity of the soul in accordance with virtue or excellence

A

Eudaimonia

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16
Q

More complete than merely feeling good or joyful

A

Eudaimonia

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17
Q

Feeling well in all aspects of life

A

Eudaimonia

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18
Q

Human happiness consists of a rationally __________

A

directed life / a whole life

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19
Q

Aristotle’s Tripartite Soul

A

Rational: Human
Sensitive: Animals
Nutritive: Plants

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20
Q

A __________ is what makes one function well; usually understood as a disposition or state of a person

A

virtue

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21
Q

Conditions for virtue

A

fortune and success

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22
Q

This type of virtue is achieved through education and time

A

Virtues of thought

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23
Q

This type of virtue is achieved by habitual practice

A

Virtues of character

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24
Q

Type of virtue: generosity, temperance, courage

A

Virtues of character

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25
Q

Type of virtue: wisdom, comprehension

A

Virtues of thought

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26
Q

Both type of virtue should be in accord with ________ and are needed for __________

A

reason; Eudaimonia

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27
Q

Virtue is ruined by __________ and __________

A

excess and deficiency

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28
Q

A balance or intermediate between extremes

A

The Golden Mean

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29
Q

A mean relative to the __________, the __________, as well as the right __________

A

person; circumstances; emotional component

30
Q

The right action and emotional response in the face of danger

A

Courage

31
Q

Is an excess of the emotional and/or proper action (doesn’t properly appreciate the danger, not fearful)

A

Fool-heartiness or rashness

32
Q

Is the deficiency of proper emotion (motive) and action (the danger is over-appreciated, too fearful)

A

Cowardice

33
Q

Arete

A

Virtue

34
Q

A disposition or character trait (intellectual, emotional) to choose or be motivated to actions that are a relative intermediate between extremes of excess and deficiency.

A

Virtue / Arete

35
Q

Rationally guided, whole life; complete with emotion, intellect, action, sociality, etc.

A

Eudaimonia

36
Q

Authored “The Question Concerning Technology”

A

Martin Heidegger

37
Q

Technology can be viewed as a means to an end

A

Instrumental

38
Q

Technology can be viewed as human activity

A

Anthropological

39
Q

Responsible for the effect

A

Cause

40
Q

Indebted to the cause

A

Effect

41
Q

According to Aristotle, how many ways causality holds

A

Four

42
Q

Four relations to Causality

A

Causa materialis
Causa formalis
Causa efficiens
Causa finalis

43
Q

Raw material

A

Causa materialis

44
Q

Form it assumes

A

Causa formalis

45
Q

Purpose or utilities

A

Causa finalis

46
Q

Manufacturer

A

Cause efficiens

47
Q 
True or False
Causa materialis: Bronze
Causa formalis: Chalice
Causa efficiens: Bronzesmith
Causa finalis: for Holy Communion
A

True

48
Q

Underlies causality is a bringing out of concealment

A

The bringing forth / Poeisis

49
Q

Greeks call this the truth

A

aletheia

50
Q

True or False
Technology brings forth as well, and it is a
revealing

A

True

51
Q

This is seen in the way the Greeks understood techne, which encompasses not only craft, but other acts of the __________ , and __________

A

mind; poetry

52
Q

Revealing of modern technology

A

Challenging-forth

53
Q

It challenges nature, by extracting something from it and transforming it, storing it up, distributing it, etc.

A

Modern technology: challenging-forth

54
Q

Heidegger calls the essence of modern technology

A

Challenging-forth to revealing

55
Q

Essence of modern technology

A

Poiesis; violent

56
Q

Factory

A

Challenge-forth

57
Q

Planting

A

Bring-forth

58
Q

Mining

A

Challenge-forth

59
Q

Recycling

A

Bring-forth

60
Q

Windmills

A

Challenge-forth

61
Q

Essence of technology

A

Enframing

62
Q

Instrument of technology

A

Man

63
Q

Modern technology takes all of nature to

stand in reserve for its exploitation

A

The Standing-Reserve

64
Q

It is not man that orders nature through technology, but a more basic process of revealing

A

Enframing

65
Q

In ___________, the actual is revealed as a standing-

reserve

A

enframing

66
Q

This is like putting nature in a box or in a frame so that it can be better understood and controlled according to people’s desires

A

Enframing

67
Q

Concealed in enframing as nature is viewed as an orderable and calculable systems of information

A

Poeisis

68
Q

Heidegger proposes __________as a way out of this enframing

A

art

69
Q

Most poetic

A

Nature

70
Q

Poeisis of the fine arts

A

Techne

71
Q

The human person being swallowed by technology

A

Danger

72
Q

Wrote that the saving power grows where danger is

A

Hölderlin

Science, Technology, and Society (1 decks)

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