Chapter 3 Flashcards
Nichomachean Ethics is written by
Aristotle
He is considered as “The Philosopher” in the Middle Ages
Aristotle
Nichomachean Ethics is a treatise on the nature of __________ and __________, based on the unique essence of human nature
moral life; human happiness
True or False
Nichomachean Ethics is named after one of Aristotle’s students
False
It outlines that ultimate goods are better than instrumental goods
The Greatest Good: Eudaimonia / Eudaimonia
True or False
Every action aims at some good
True
True or False
Instrumental goods and ultimate goods are aimed at for their own sakes
False
These are aimed at only insofar as they are for the sake of something else
Instrumental Goods
Which among the following are the candidates of ultimate good?
Happiness, Wisdom, Wealth, Fame & Honor, Pleasure
Pleasure, Wealth, Fame & Honor, Happiness
The critique of this ultimate good critique is complete and self-sufficient
Happiness
The critique of this ultimate good critique is transient and not complete
Pleasure
The critique of this ultimate good critique is only instrumental and not self-sufficient
Wealth
The critique of this ultimate good critique depends on others and not self-sufficient
Fame & Honor
Well-being or doing well
Eudaimonia
Activity of the soul in accordance with virtue or excellence
Eudaimonia
More complete than merely feeling good or joyful
Eudaimonia
Feeling well in all aspects of life
Eudaimonia
Human happiness consists of a rationally __________
directed life / a whole life
Aristotle’s Tripartite Soul
Rational: Human
Sensitive: Animals
Nutritive: Plants
A __________ is what makes one function well; usually understood as a disposition or state of a person
virtue
Conditions for virtue
fortune and success
This type of virtue is achieved through education and time
Virtues of thought
This type of virtue is achieved by habitual practice
Virtues of character
Type of virtue: generosity, temperance, courage
Virtues of character
Type of virtue: wisdom, comprehension
Virtues of thought
Both type of virtue should be in accord with ________ and are needed for __________
reason; Eudaimonia
Virtue is ruined by __________ and __________
excess and deficiency
A balance or intermediate between extremes
The Golden Mean
A mean relative to the __________, the __________, as well as the right __________
person; circumstances; emotional component
The right action and emotional response in the face of danger
Courage
Is an excess of the emotional and/or proper action (doesn’t properly appreciate the danger, not fearful)
Fool-heartiness or rashness
Is the deficiency of proper emotion (motive) and action (the danger is over-appreciated, too fearful)
Cowardice
Arete
Virtue
A disposition or character trait (intellectual, emotional) to choose or be motivated to actions that are a relative intermediate between extremes of excess and deficiency.
Virtue / Arete
Rationally guided, whole life; complete with emotion, intellect, action, sociality, etc.
Eudaimonia
Authored “The Question Concerning Technology”
Martin Heidegger
Technology can be viewed as a means to an end
Instrumental
Technology can be viewed as human activity
Anthropological
Responsible for the effect
Cause
Indebted to the cause
Effect
According to Aristotle, how many ways causality holds
Four
Four relations to Causality
Causa materialis
Causa formalis
Causa efficiens
Causa finalis
Raw material
Causa materialis
Form it assumes
Causa formalis
Purpose or utilities
Causa finalis
Manufacturer
Cause efficiens
True or False Causa materialis: Bronze Causa formalis: Chalice Causa efficiens: Bronzesmith Causa finalis: for Holy Communion
True
Underlies causality is a bringing out of concealment
The bringing forth / Poeisis
Greeks call this the truth
aletheia
True or False
Technology brings forth as well, and it is a
revealing
True
This is seen in the way the Greeks understood techne, which encompasses not only craft, but other acts of the __________ , and __________
mind; poetry
Revealing of modern technology
Challenging-forth
It challenges nature, by extracting something from it and transforming it, storing it up, distributing it, etc.
Modern technology: challenging-forth
Heidegger calls the essence of modern technology
Challenging-forth to revealing
Essence of modern technology
Poiesis; violent
Factory
Challenge-forth
Planting
Bring-forth
Mining
Challenge-forth
Recycling
Bring-forth
Windmills
Challenge-forth
Essence of technology
Enframing
Instrument of technology
Man
Modern technology takes all of nature to
stand in reserve for its exploitation
The Standing-Reserve
It is not man that orders nature through technology, but a more basic process of revealing
Enframing
In ___________, the actual is revealed as a standing-
reserve
enframing
This is like putting nature in a box or in a frame so that it can be better understood and controlled according to people’s desires
Enframing
Concealed in enframing as nature is viewed as an orderable and calculable systems of information
Poeisis
Heidegger proposes __________as a way out of this enframing
art
Most poetic
Nature
Poeisis of the fine arts
Techne
The human person being swallowed by technology
Danger
Wrote that the saving power grows where danger is
Hölderlin
