Chapter 29 plants

Question 1

Which extant group is most closely related to the embryophytes?

Answer 1

Green algae (charophytes)

Question 2

What evidence exists to include the charophyta with the embryophyta as plants?

Answer 2

Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins/Same sperm structure/Forms phragmoplast

Question 3

What evidence exists to exclude the charophyta (synapomorphies that make land plants different) from being considered a plant?

Answer 3

ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS/PORES PRODUCED IN SPORANGIA/GAMETES PRODUCED IN GAMETANGIA/MERISTEMS

Question 4

What adaptations did plants evolve to overcome the challenges of going onto land?

Answer 4

DURABLE SPORECELL WALLS (SPOROPOLLENIN)/STOMATA TOTAKE IN-EXPEL GASES/LACKED ROOTS, SOFORMED CRITICAL MUTUALISMS WITH FUNGI (MYCORRHIZAE)/

Question 5

What were the benefits of adapting to a terrestrial environment?

Answer 5

Unfiltered sunlight/More CO2/Unoccupied niches

Question 6

What were the challenges of adapting to a terrestrial environment?

Answer 6

Scarcity of water/Needed structural support

Question 7

Which plant groups have vascular tissue?

Answer 7

PTEROPHYTES/

Question 8

Which have spores?

Answer 8

PTEROPHYTES/YCOPHYTES/FERNS/WHISK FERNS/Bryophytes

Question 9

Which have seeds?

Answer 9

Gymnosperms/Angiosperms

Question 10

Which have true roots/leaves?

Answer 10

PTEROPHYTES/Embryophyte/FERNS/HORSETAILS

Question 11

What characterizes a bryophyte?

Answer 11

All have a gametophyte-dominated lifecycle/All lack vascular tissue/Need to be near water/Disperse via spores/Lack leaves/Lack roots/Most are homosporous

Question 12

What characterizes a pterophyte?

Answer 12

Sporophyte-dominated lifecycle/Have vascular tissue/Disperse by spores/Possess horizontally-growing, underground rhizomes/Possess sporophylls -leaves with sporangia/Most are homosporous

Question 13

What are the differences between the three groups of monilophytes- HORSETAILS

Answer 13

Rhizomes/Non-photosyntheticleaves/Photosynthesis occurs instems and branches.

Question 14

What are the differences between the three groups of monilophytes-FERNS

Answer 14

The most diverse pterophytes/True leaves and true roots/Haploid spores are dispersed from clusters of sporangia(sori) on lower surfaces of fronds

Question 15

What are the differences between the three groups of monilophytes-WHISK FERNS

Answer 15

Rhizomes/Photosynthetic stems appear leafless/Spores form in fused sporangia at tips of branches.

Question 16

LYCOPHYTES

Answer 16

Club moss Spores form inside a soft,cone-shaped strobilus A group of sporophylls/Spike moss “resurrection plant” The most drought-tolerant vascular plant.