Chapter 29 Plant Diversity

Question 1

What makes a land plant, a land plant?

Answer 1

1. Alternation of generations life cycle
   - land plants are heteromorphic
2. Multicellular dependent embryos
   - zygote retained by female plant (gametophyte) for protection, nourishment (placental transfer cell)
3. Walled spores (1N) produced in Sporangia 2N)

Question 2

What makes a land plant, a land plant (pt 2)

Answer 2

4. Multicellular gametophyte
   - Structures responsible for gametophyte
   • archegonium - egg producing female
   • antheridium - sperm producing male
5. Apical meristems - region of cell division
   - allow for nutrients access without movement
   (Relies on underground water)
   - plants have specialized shoots and roots
   - roots (water and minerals
   - shoots (sunlight)

Question 3

What makes a land plant, a land plant (pt. 3)

Answer 3

Other terrestrial life traits (not present in all plants)
A. Cuticle - waxy covering of stem/leaf prevents water loss (desiccation) and microbial attacks/infections (viral, fungal…)
B. Symbiotic associations w/fungi
- mycorrhizae
- nutrient intake
C. Secondary compounds
- side branches of major metabolic pathways l
- hugely protective in nature

Question 4

III. Non vascular plats - Bryophytes

Answer 4

A. Characteristics

• small in size (non vascular tissue and thin bodies)
• dependent on water - most places
• gametophyte is the dominant generation live longer

Question 5

Hepatophyte - liverwort (bryophyte)

Answer 5

Leaf shaped - thallus gametophyte
Gametophytes lacking stoma
Gametophytes with unusual asexual reproduction
•gammae or splash cups
- sporophyte is very small
- umbrella shaped structures acchregania
- sporophyte are protected underneath
- reduced SETA (stem like structure)
- spores released by hydroscopic ELATORS (contains spores until released in halves or valves in suitable conditions)

Question 6

Evidence of chorophyte sister Taxa

Answer 6

1. Ring/corset shaped cellulose producing proteins
2. Similar peroxisome enzyme make-up
3. Similar sperm structure
4. Phrapmoplast formation during cell division (microtubules in daughter cell division)
   5 similar ways proteins attach to plasma membrane molecularly
5. Sporopollenin- protein prevents drying out (desiccation) charophytes (zygote), land plants (spore)

Question 7

D. Anthecerophyta - hornworts (Bryophyte)

Answer 7

• thallus shaped gametophyte
• stomata present
• CYANOBACTERIA symbiont
• hornshaped sporophyte
• seta are ABSENT
• spores released as sporangia splits open

Question 8

E. Mosses (bryophyta)

Answer 8

Gametophytes grow more vertical than horizontal
• stomata present
• leaves typically only one cell thick, although more complexity exist
- sporophytes are elongated (long seta) w/ boltshaped sporangia
• photosynthetic when young before turning brown
• spores released through PERISTOME (hydroscopic)
- sphagnum spp. Class of Peat Moss 😎
Can be used as a fuel source