Chapter 29 - Collapse of the Old Order 1929-1949

Question 1

Joseph Stalin

Answer 1

Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communist Party after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush all opposition.

Question 2

Five- Year Plans

Answer 2

Plans that Joseph Stalin introduced to industrialization the Soviet Union rapidly, beginning in 1928. They set goals for the output of steel, electricity, machinery, and most other products and were enforced by the police powers of the state. They succeeded in making the Soviet Union a major industrial power before WWI.

Question 3

Gulags

Answer 3

Labor camps people were sent to without trial.

Question 4

Benito Mussolini

Answer 4

Fascist dictator of Italy. He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia, joined Germany in the Axis pact, and allied Italy with Germany in WWII. He was overthrown in 1943.

Question 5

Fascist Party

Answer 5

Italian political party created by Benito Mussolini during WWI. It emphasized aggressive nationalism and was Mussolini’s instrument for the creation of a dictatorship in Italy from 1922-1942.

Question 6

Adolf Hitler

Answer 6

Bron in Austria, Hitler became a radical German nationalist during WWI. He led the National Socialist German Workers’ Party–the Nazis–in the 1920s and became dictator of Germany n 1933. He led Europe into WWII.

Question 7

Nazis

Answer 7

(actual name: National Socialist German Worker’s Party) German political party led by Adolf Hitler that emphasized nationalism, racism, and war. Was an instrument of Hitler’s absolute rule.

Question 8

Appeasement

Answer 8

The weakness of the democracies

Question 9

Chiang Kai-shek

Answer 9

Chinese military and political leader, Succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang in 1925. Fought against the Chinese Communists and Japanese invaders.

Question 10

Mao Zedong

Answer 10

Leader of the Chinese Communist party. He led the Communists on the Long March and rebuilt the Communist Party and Red Army during the Japanese occupation of China. After WWII, he led the communists to victory over the Guomindang. Ordered Cultural Revolution in 1966.

Question 11

Long March

Answer 11

The 6000mi. flight of Chinese Communists from southeastern to northwestern China. THe Communists, led by Mao Zedong, were pursued by the Chinese army under orders from Chiang Kai-shek.

Question 12

Blitzkrieg

Answer 12

A flight tactic: fighter planes scattered enemy troops and disrupted communications, tanks punctured the enemy’s defenses, and then with the help of the infantry, they encircled and captured enemy troops.

Question 13

Stalingrad

Answer 13

City in Russia, site of a Red Army victory over the German army in 1942-1943. The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point in the war between Germany and the Soviet Union. Today Volgograd.

Question 14

El Alamein

Answer 14

Town in Egypt, site of the victory of Britain’s Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery over German forces led by General Erwin Rommel in 1942-1943.

Question 15

Pearl Harbor

Answer 15

Naval base in Hawaii attacked by Japanese aircraft on December 7, 1941. The sinking of much of the US Pacific Fleet brought the United States into WWII.

Question 16

Battle of Midway

Answer 16

US naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in WWII.

Question 17

Hiroshima

Answer 17

City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb. The bombing hastened the end of WWII.

Question 18

Auschwitz

Answer 18

Nazi extermination camp in Poland, the largest center of mass murder during the Holocaust.

Question 19

Holocaust

Answer 19

Nazis’ program during the WWII to kill people they considered undesirable. Some 6 million Jews perished during the Holocaust, along with millions of Poles, Gypsies, Communists, Socialists, and others.