Chapter 29 - Chromatography and Spectroscopy

Question 1

What are the two phases for all forms of chromatography?

Answer 1

Stationary phase

Mobile phase

Question 2

What is the stationary phase?

Answer 2

Does not movewhere a solid or a liquid supported on a solid

Question 3

What is the mobile phase?

Answer 3

Does move its Normally a liquid or a gas

Question 4

What is a TLC plate made of?

Answer 4

a TLC plate is made of a Plastic/glass sheet Coated with thin layer of a solid adsorbent substance such as silica

Question 5

Outline adsorption in reference to TLC

Answer 5

Process by which the solid silica holds the different substances in the mixture to its surface

Question 6

How is the retention factor calculated?

Answer 6

Rf= Distance moved by the component/distance moved by the solvent front

Question 7

What is gas chromatography useful for?

Answer 7

Separating and identifying volatile organic compounds present in a mixture

Question 8

What are the different phases for gas chromatography?

Answer 8

1) Stationary - high boiling liquid adsorbed onto an inert solid support
2) Mobile - is an inert carrier gas such as helium

Question 9

How does time taken to move through the column change as solubility in stationary phase increases?

Answer 9

The more soluble the component is in the liquid stationary phase, the slower it moves through the capillary column.

Question 10

What is retention time?

Answer 10

Time taken for a component to travel through the column

Question 11

How is retention time used for identification?

Answer 11

Compare to retention times in database

Question 12

What can peak integrations for gas chromatograph be used to determine?

Answer 12

Concentrations of components in the sample

Question 13

what’s the test for carboxylic acid?

Answer 13

Question 14

what’s the test for a primary and secondary alcohol and aldehyde?

Answer 14

Question 15

what’s the test for a carbonyl?

Answer 15

C=O

Question 16

what’s the test for a haloalkane?

Answer 16

Question 17

what’s the test for an Alkene?

Answer 17

Question 18

What is resonance for NMR?

Answer 18

When the nucleus absorbs energy and rapidly flips between the two spin states

Question 19

what must the nucleus of an atom have to work with NMR?

Answer 19

it must have an ODD number of nucleons to work.

Question 20

What is the standard reference chemical for NMR?

Answer 20

Tetramethylsilane (TMS)

(CH3)4Si

Question 21

What is the purpose of D2O as a solvent in proton NMR spectroscopy?

Answer 21

O-H peaks no longer appear

Question 22

what two pieces of information does analysis of carbon-13 NMR show?

Answer 22

The two pieces of information analysis of carbon-13 NMR shows is:

1) The number of different carbon environments from the number of carbon peaks
2) the types of carbon environments present from the chemical shift

Question 23

what would the proponal spec look like?

Answer 23

Question 24

example of propanone, what would the spec look like?

Answer 24

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

what four pieces of info does the proton nmr spec tell you?

Answer 27

the proton nmr tells you 4 pieces of info:

1) number of proton environments
2) Types of proton environments
3) the relative numbers of protons
4) The number of non-equivalent protons adjacent to a given proton

Question 28

what are the names of the different peaks?

Answer 28

Question 29

what are some common splitting patterns?

Answer 29

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

how does gas chromatography work?

Answer 31

1) Stationary - high boiling liquid adsorbed onto an inert solid support
2) Mobile - is an inert carrier gas such as helium
3) small amount of volatile mixture is injected into the gas chromatograph
4) The mobile carrier gas carries the component in the sample through the capillary column containing the stationary phase
5) the more soluble the component is in the liquid stationary phase, the slower it moves through the capillary column