Chapter 29 Flashcards
_____ is a cell that supports neurons
Neuroglial cell
_____ responds to a specific internal or external stimulus and signals another neuron.
Sensory neurons
_____ receive signals from and sends signals to other neurons.
Inter neurons
_____ receives signals from another neuron and sends signals to a muscle or gland.
Motor neurons
_____ consists of the brain and spinal cord. It is where most inter neurons reside in.
Central nervous system
_____ are nerves that extend through the body and carry signals to and from the central nervous system.
Peripheral nervous system.
_____ monitor and regulate the internal state of the body; they control smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.
Autonomic nerves
_____ ,omit or the body’s position and the external environment; they control skeletal muscle.
Somatic nerves
_____ are cytoplasmic branches that receive chemical signals sent by other neurons.
Dendrite
_____ are cytoplasmic extensions that sends messages.
Axons
_____ is the voltage differences across a cell membrane. It is the potential energy of charges separated by a cell membrane.
Membrane potential
_____ is membrane potential of a neuron at rest (-70 milivolts).
Resting potential
_____ is a brief reversal of the charge difference across a neuron membrane. It occurs when the neuron becomes excited. “All or nothing”
Action potential
_____ pumps actively and transports 3 sodium ions (Na+) out of a neuron for every 2 potassium ions (K+) they pump in.
Sodium-potassium
_____ is a region where a neuron’s axon terminals transmits signals to another cell.
Synapse
_____ is a neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junctions and at synapses in the heart and brain which binds to receptors on a muscle fiber.
Acetylcholine
_____ is a chemical signal released by axon terminals.
Neurotransmitter
_____ is a synapse between a neuron and a muscle
Neuromuscular junction
_____ is the summation of excitatory and inhibitory signals by postsynaptic cell.
Synaptic integration
_____ is an insulating material that wraps most axons and increases the speed of signal transmission.
Myelin
_____ is a set of nerves that control skeletal muscle and relay signals from joints and skin.
Somatic nervous system
_____ is a set of nerves that relay signals to and from internal organs and to glands.
Autonomic nervous system
_____ of the autonomic system, this increases their output in times of stress and danger. They are neurons of the autonomic system that prepare the body for danger or excitement, and has a sympathetic ganglia that are close to the spinal cord.
Sympathetic neurons
_____ are neurons of the autonomic system that encourages housekeeping tasks. Their ganglia are in or near the organs they effect.
Parasympathetic neurons
The _____ is a portion of central nervous system that connects peripheral nerves with the brain.
Spinal cord
_____ is a three membrane that covers and protects the central nervous system.
Meninges
Meninges consists of ____, _____, and _____.
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
_____ fluid fills the space between the meninges, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the ventricles within the brain.
Cerebrospinal
_____ are automatic responses to stimulation that occurs without conscious thought or learning.
Reflexes
_____ is a protective barrier that prevents unwanted substances from entering cerebrospinal fluid.
Blood brain barrier
_____ is the hindbrain region that controls breathing rhythm and reflexes such as coughing, vomiting and sneezing.
Medulla Oblongata
_____ helps control breathing and is the hindbrain region between medulla oblongata and midbrain
Pons
_____ is the hindbrain region that controls posture and coordinates voluntary movement.
Cerebellum
_____ is the forebrain region that controls higher functions.
Cerebrum
_____ is the forebrain region that relays signals to the cerebrum.
Thalamus
The _____ is the center for homeostasis control of the internal environment.
Hypothalamus (Under the Thalamus)
_____ is the outer gray matter layer of the cerebrum. It is the region for most complex behaviors.
Cerebral Cortex
_____ is the region of frontal lobe that controls voluntary movement.
Primary Motor Cortex
_____ is a group of brain structures that governs emotions. They encircle the upper brain stem. It also includes the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and adjacent structures.
Limbic System
_____ is a cell that transmits electrical signals along its plasma membrane and chemical messages to other cells.
Neurons
