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vital signs > Chapter 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Flashcards

1
Q

Body temperature

A

Reflects balance between heat produced and the heat lost from the body

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2
Q

Core temperature

A

Deep tissues

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3
Q

Surface temperature

A

Of subcutaneous tissue and fat

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4
Q

Heat balance

A

Amount of heat lost equals amount produced by body

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5
Q

Basal metabolic rate BMR

A

Rate of energy utilization in the body required to maintain essential activities

Decrease with age

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6
Q

Muscle activity in heat balance

A

Shivering

Increases metabolic rate

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7
Q

Thyroxine output

A

Increased output increases cellular metabolism

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8
Q

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Sympathetic stimulation

A

Immediately increase cellular metabolism

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9
Q

Fever

A

Increases cellular metabolic rate

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10
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without contact between the two objects
Infrared Rays

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11
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat from one molecule to a molecule of lower temperature
Contact*

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12
Q

Convection

A

Dispersion of heat by air currents

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13
Q

Evaporation

A

Continuous vaporization of moisture from the respiratory tract and from mucosa in mouth and skin

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14
Q

Insensible water loss

A

Continuous, unnoticed water loss.

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15
Q

Insensible heat loss

A

Continuous, unnoticed heat loss

10% heat loss

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16
Q

Skin becomes chilled: three physiological phases

A

Shivering to increase heat
Sweating inhibited
Vasoconstriction decrease heat loss

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17
Q

Factors that affect body temperature

A 
Age
Diurnal variations (circadian rhythms)
Exercise
Hormones 
Stress
Environment
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18
Q

Normal temperature for adults

A

36-37.5 C

96.8-99.5 F

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19
Q

Pyrexia

Hyperthermia

A

Fever

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20
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

Very high fever

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21
Q

Febrile

A

Client who has a fever

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22
Q

Afebrile

A

Client does not have a fever

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23
Q

Intermittent fever

A

Body temperature alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and normal or subnormal temperatures

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24
Q

Remittent fever

A

Wide range of temperature fluctuations occurs over 24 hour period all above normal

Influenza, cold

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25
Q

Relapsing fever

A

Shirt febrile periods of a few days are interspersed with periods of 1 or 2 days normal temperature

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26
Q

Constant fever

A

Body temperature fluctuates, but always above normal

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27
Q

Fever spikes

A

Rapid onset of fever then returns to normal

Bacterial blood infections

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28
Q

Heat exhaustion

A

Excessive heat and dehydration.

Paleness, dizzy, N & V, fainting, small fever

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29
Q

Heat stroke

A

Warm, flushed skin, do not sweat.
Temp of 106 or higher
Delirious, unconscious, seizures

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30
Q

Physiological mechanisms of hypothermia

A

Excessive heat loss
Inadequate heat production
Impaired hypothalamic thermoregulation

31
Q

Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

C=(F-32)X5/9

32
Q

Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

F=(CX9/5) + 32

33
Q

Pulse

A

Wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle

34
Q

Compliance

A

Ability of arteries to contract and expand

35
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood pumped into arteries by the heart

Stroke volume X heart rate

36
Q

Point of maximal impulse (PMI)

A

Apical pulse

37
Q

Nine sites for pulses

A 
Temporal
Carotid
Apical
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior tibial
Dorsal is pedis
38
Q

Tachycardia

A

Excessively fast heart rate

39
Q

Bradycardia

A

Very low heart rate

40
Q

Pulse rhythm

A

Pattern of beats and intervals between the beats

41
Q

Dysthymia or arrhythmia

A

Irregular rhythm

42
Q

Pulse volume

A

Pulse strength or amplitude

43
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult respirations

44
Q

Respiration controlled by

A

Respiratory centers in medulla and pons

Chemoreceptors carotid and aortic

45
Q

Eupnea

A

Breathing that is normal is rate and depth

46
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow respirations

47
Q

Tachypnea or polypnea

A

Abnormally fast respirations

48
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of breathing

49
Q

Tidal volume

A

Inspiration and expiration normally 500mL

50
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Very deep, rapid ventilations

51
Q

Hypo ventilation

A

Very shallow respirations

52
Q

Respiratory quality or character

A

Aspects of breathing that are different than normal

53
Q

Cheyne stokes breathing

A

Rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations from very deep to very shallow and temporary apnea

54
Q

Orthopnea

A

Ability to breathe only upright sitting or standing positions

55
Q

Stridor

A

Shrill, harsh sound during inspiration with laryngeal obstruction

56
Q

Stertor

A

Snoring or sonorous respiration, usually due to a partial obstruction of the upper airway

57
Q

Wheeze

A

Continuous, high pitched musical squeak or whistling sound occurring on expiration and sometimes on inspiration . Narrow airway

58
Q

Bubbling

A

Gurgling sounds heard as air passes through moist secretions in respiratory tract

59
Q

Intercostal retraction

A

Indrawing between the ribs

60
Q

Substernal retraction

A

Indrawing beneath the breastbone

61
Q

Suprasternal retraction

A

Indrawing above the clavicles

62
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Presence of blood in the sputum

63
Q

Productive cough

A

Cough with expectorated secretions

64
Q

Nonproductive cough

A

Dry, harsh cough without secretions

65
Q

Arterial blood pressure

A

Measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries

66
Q

Systolic pressure

A

Pressure of blood as a result of contraction of ventricles (height of blood wave)

67
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Pressure when ventricles are at rest

68
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference between diastolic and systolic pressures

69
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of artery

70
Q

Hematocrit

A

Thick blood. More RBC than plasma

71
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

BP that decreases when client sits or stands

72
Q

Pulse oximeter

A

Estimates clients arterial blood oxygen saturation

73
Q

Vital signs

A 
Body temperature
Pulse
Respirations
Blood pressure 
Pain
O2 saturation

vital signs (2 decks)

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