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Nursing Fundamentals > Chapter 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Flashcards

1
Q

Apical Pulse

A

A central pulse located at the apex of the heart

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2
Q

Apical-radial Pulse

A

Measurement of the apical and radial pulse simultaneously

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3
Q

Apnea

A

A complete absence of restorations

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4
Q

Arrhythmia

A

An irregular heart rhythm

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5
Q

Arterial blood pressure

A

The measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it pulsates through the arteries

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6
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

A condition in which the elastic and muscular tissues of the arteries are replaced with fibrous tissue

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7
Q

Auscultatory gap

A

The temporary disappearance of sounds normally heard over the brachial artery when the sphygmomanometer cuff pressure is high, followed by the reappearance of sounds at a lower level

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8
Q

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

The rate of energy utilization in the body required to maintain essential activities such as breathing

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9
Q

Body temperature

A

The balance between the heat produced by the body and the heat lost from the body

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10
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally slow pulse rate, less than 60 beats per minute

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11
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow respiratory rate, usually less than 10 respirations per minute

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12
Q

Afebrile

A

Absence of a fever

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13
Q

Cardiac output

A

The amount of blood ejected by the heart with each ventricular contraction

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14
Q

Compliance

A

The extent to which an individual’s behavior coincides with medical or health advice

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15
Q

Conduction

A

The transfer of heat from one molecule to another in direct contact

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16
Q

Constant fever

A

A state in which the body temperature fluctuates minimally but always remains above normal

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17
Q

Convection

A

The dispersion of heat by air currents

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18
Q

Core temperature

A

The temperature of the deep tissues of the body. When measured orally, the average body temperature of an adult is between 36.7 C and 37 C, 98 F and 98.6 F

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19
Q

Costal (thoracic) breathing

A

Movement of the chest upward and outward

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20
Q

Diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing

A

Breathing that involves the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm, as observed by the movement of the abdomen

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21
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

The pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the ventricles of the heart are at rest

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22
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

A pulse with an irregular rhythm

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23
Q

Exhalation ( expiration)

A

Breathing out, or the movement of gases from the lungs to the atmosphere

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24
Q

Expiration (exhalation)

A

The outflow of air from the lungs to the atmosphere

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25
Febrile
Pertaining to a fever; feverish
26
Fever
Elevated body temperature
27
Fever spike
A temperature that rises to fever level rapidly following a normal temperature and then returns to normal within a few hours
28
Heat balance
The state a person is in when the amount of heat produced by the body exactly equals the amount of heat lost
29
Heat exhaustion
Condition that is the result of excessive heat heat and dehydration
30
Heat stroke
Life-threatening condition with body temperature greater than 41C (106F)
31
Hematocrit
The proportion of red blood cells to the total blood volume
32
Hyperpyrexia
An extremely high body temperature 41C 105.8F
33
Hypertension
An abnormally high blood pressure; over 140 systolic and/or 90 diastolic
34
Hyperthermia
A body temperature above the usual range
35
Hyperventilation
Very deep, rapid respirations
36
Hypotension
An abnormally low blood pressure; less than 100 systolic in an adult
37
Hypoventilation
Very shallow respirations
38
Inhalation
The intake of air into the lungs, also called inspiration
39
Insensible heat loss
Heat loss that occurs from evaporation of moisture from the respiratory tract, mucosa of the mouth, and the skin
40
Insensible water loss
Continuous and unnoticed water loss
41
Intermittent fever
A body temperature that alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures
42
Kororkoffs sounds
The five phases of blood pressure sounds
43
Orthostatic hypotension
Decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
44
Peripheral pulse
A pulse located in the periphery of the body
45
Point of maximal impulse (PMI)
The point where the apex of the heart touches the anterior chest wall and heart movements are most easily observed and palpated
46
Pulse
The wave of blood within an artery that is created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart
47
Pulse deficit
The difference between the apical pulse and the radial pulse
48
Pulse deficit
The difference between the apical pulse and the radial pulse
49
Pulse oximeter
A noninvasive device that measures the arterial blood oxygen saturation by means of a sensor attached to the finger or other location
50
Pulse pressure
The difference between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure
51
Pulse rhythm
The pattern of the beats and intervals between the beats
52
Pulse volume
The strength or amptitude of the pulse, the force of blood exerted with each heartbeat
53
Pyrexia
A body temperature above the normal range; fever
54
Radiation
The transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without contact between the two objects
55
Relapsing fever
The occurrence of short febrile periods of a few days intersparsed with periods of 1 or 2 days of normal temperature
56
Remittent fever
The occurrence of a wide range of temperature fluctuations, more than 2C (3.6F) over a 24-hour period, all of which are above normal
57
Respiration
The act of breathing: includes the intake of oxygen and the output of carbon dioxide from the cells to the atmosphere
58
Respiratory quality
Refers to those aspects of breathing that are different from normal, effortless breathing, includes the amount of effort exerted to breathe and the sounds produced by breathing
59
Respiratory rhythm
Refers to the regularity of explorations and inspirations
60
Surface temperature
The temperature of tissue, the subcutaneous tissue, and fat
61
Systolic pressure
The pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the ventricles of the heart contract
62
Tachycardia
An abnormally rapid pulse rate; greater than 100 beats
63
Tachypnea
Abnormally fast respirations; usually more than 24 respirations per minute
64
Tidal volume
The volume of air that is normally inhaled and exhaled
65
Ventilation
The movement of air in and out of the lungs; the process of inhalation and exhalation
66
Vital signs
Body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure

Nursing Fundamentals (4 decks)

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