Chapter 29 Flashcards
Apical Pulse
A central pulse located at the apex of the heart
Apical-radial Pulse
Measurement of the apical and radial pulse simultaneously
Apnea
A complete absence of restorations
Arrhythmia
An irregular heart rhythm
Arterial blood pressure
The measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it pulsates through the arteries
Arteriosclerosis
A condition in which the elastic and muscular tissues of the arteries are replaced with fibrous tissue
Auscultatory gap
The temporary disappearance of sounds normally heard over the brachial artery when the sphygmomanometer cuff pressure is high, followed by the reappearance of sounds at a lower level
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The rate of energy utilization in the body required to maintain essential activities such as breathing
Body temperature
The balance between the heat produced by the body and the heat lost from the body
Bradycardia
Abnormally slow pulse rate, less than 60 beats per minute
Bradypnea
Abnormally slow respiratory rate, usually less than 10 respirations per minute
Afebrile
Absence of a fever
Cardiac output
The amount of blood ejected by the heart with each ventricular contraction
Compliance
The extent to which an individual’s behavior coincides with medical or health advice
Conduction
The transfer of heat from one molecule to another in direct contact
Constant fever
A state in which the body temperature fluctuates minimally but always remains above normal
Convection
The dispersion of heat by air currents
Core temperature
The temperature of the deep tissues of the body. When measured orally, the average body temperature of an adult is between 36.7 C and 37 C, 98 F and 98.6 F
Costal (thoracic) breathing
Movement of the chest upward and outward
Diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing
Breathing that involves the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm, as observed by the movement of the abdomen
Diastolic pressure
The pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the ventricles of the heart are at rest
Dysrhythmia
A pulse with an irregular rhythm
Exhalation ( expiration)
Breathing out, or the movement of gases from the lungs to the atmosphere
Expiration (exhalation)
The outflow of air from the lungs to the atmosphere
Febrile
Pertaining to a fever; feverish
Fever
Elevated body temperature
Fever spike
A temperature that rises to fever level rapidly following a normal temperature and then returns to normal within a few hours
Heat balance
The state a person is in when the amount of heat produced by the body exactly equals the amount of heat lost
Heat exhaustion
Condition that is the result of excessive heat heat and dehydration
Heat stroke
Life-threatening condition with body temperature greater than 41C (106F)
Hematocrit
The proportion of red blood cells to the total blood volume
Hyperpyrexia
An extremely high body temperature 41C 105.8F
Hypertension
An abnormally high blood pressure; over 140 systolic and/or 90 diastolic
Hyperthermia
A body temperature above the usual range
Hyperventilation
Very deep, rapid respirations
Hypotension
An abnormally low blood pressure; less than 100 systolic in an adult
Hypoventilation
Very shallow respirations
Inhalation
The intake of air into the lungs, also called inspiration
Insensible heat loss
Heat loss that occurs from evaporation of moisture from the respiratory tract, mucosa of the mouth, and the skin
Insensible water loss
Continuous and unnoticed water loss
Intermittent fever
A body temperature that alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures
Kororkoffs sounds
The five phases of blood pressure sounds
Orthostatic hypotension
Decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
Peripheral pulse
A pulse located in the periphery of the body
Point of maximal impulse (PMI)
The point where the apex of the heart touches the anterior chest wall and heart movements are most easily observed and palpated
Pulse
The wave of blood within an artery that is created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart
Pulse deficit
The difference between the apical pulse and the radial pulse
Pulse deficit
The difference between the apical pulse and the radial pulse
Pulse oximeter
A noninvasive device that measures the arterial blood oxygen saturation by means of a sensor attached to the finger or other location
Pulse pressure
The difference between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure
Pulse rhythm
The pattern of the beats and intervals between the beats
Pulse volume
The strength or amptitude of the pulse, the force of blood exerted with each heartbeat
Pyrexia
A body temperature above the normal range; fever
Radiation
The transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without contact between the two objects
Relapsing fever
The occurrence of short febrile periods of a few days intersparsed with periods of 1 or 2 days of normal temperature
Remittent fever
The occurrence of a wide range of temperature fluctuations, more than 2C (3.6F) over a 24-hour period, all of which are above normal
Respiration
The act of breathing: includes the intake of oxygen and the output of carbon dioxide from the cells to the atmosphere
Respiratory quality
Refers to those aspects of breathing that are different from normal, effortless breathing, includes the amount of effort exerted to breathe and the sounds produced by breathing
Respiratory rhythm
Refers to the regularity of explorations and inspirations
Surface temperature
The temperature of tissue, the subcutaneous tissue, and fat
Systolic pressure
The pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the ventricles of the heart contract
Tachycardia
An abnormally rapid pulse rate; greater than 100 beats
Tachypnea
Abnormally fast respirations; usually more than 24 respirations per minute
Tidal volume
The volume of air that is normally inhaled and exhaled
Ventilation
The movement of air in and out of the lungs; the process of inhalation and exhalation
Vital signs
Body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure
