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Nursing Fundamentals > Chapter 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Flashcards

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1
Q

Apical Pulse

A

A central pulse located at the apex of the heart

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2
Q

Apical-radial Pulse

A

Measurement of the apical and radial pulse simultaneously

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3
Q

Apnea

A

A complete absence of restorations

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4
Q

Arrhythmia

A

An irregular heart rhythm

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5
Q

Arterial blood pressure

A

The measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it pulsates through the arteries

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6
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

A condition in which the elastic and muscular tissues of the arteries are replaced with fibrous tissue

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7
Q

Auscultatory gap

A

The temporary disappearance of sounds normally heard over the brachial artery when the sphygmomanometer cuff pressure is high, followed by the reappearance of sounds at a lower level

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8
Q

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

The rate of energy utilization in the body required to maintain essential activities such as breathing

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9
Q

Body temperature

A

The balance between the heat produced by the body and the heat lost from the body

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10
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally slow pulse rate, less than 60 beats per minute

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11
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow respiratory rate, usually less than 10 respirations per minute

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12
Q

Afebrile

A

Absence of a fever

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13
Q

Cardiac output

A

The amount of blood ejected by the heart with each ventricular contraction

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14
Q

Compliance

A

The extent to which an individual’s behavior coincides with medical or health advice

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15
Q

Conduction

A

The transfer of heat from one molecule to another in direct contact

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16
Q

Constant fever

A

A state in which the body temperature fluctuates minimally but always remains above normal

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17
Q

Convection

A

The dispersion of heat by air currents

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18
Q

Core temperature

A

The temperature of the deep tissues of the body. When measured orally, the average body temperature of an adult is between 36.7 C and 37 C, 98 F and 98.6 F

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19
Q

Costal (thoracic) breathing

A

Movement of the chest upward and outward

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20
Q

Diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing

A

Breathing that involves the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm, as observed by the movement of the abdomen

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21
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

The pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the ventricles of the heart are at rest

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22
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

A pulse with an irregular rhythm

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23
Q

Exhalation ( expiration)

A

Breathing out, or the movement of gases from the lungs to the atmosphere

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24
Q

Expiration (exhalation)

A

The outflow of air from the lungs to the atmosphere

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25
Q

Febrile

A

Pertaining to a fever; feverish

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26
Q

Fever

A

Elevated body temperature

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27
Q

Fever spike

A

A temperature that rises to fever level rapidly following a normal temperature and then returns to normal within a few hours

28
Q

Heat balance

A

The state a person is in when the amount of heat produced by the body exactly equals the amount of heat lost

29
Q

Heat exhaustion

A

Condition that is the result of excessive heat heat and dehydration

30
Q

Heat stroke

A

Life-threatening condition with body temperature greater than 41C (106F)

31
Q

Hematocrit

A

The proportion of red blood cells to the total blood volume

32
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

An extremely high body temperature 41C 105.8F

33
Q

Hypertension

A

An abnormally high blood pressure; over 140 systolic and/or 90 diastolic

34
Q

Hyperthermia

A

A body temperature above the usual range

35
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Very deep, rapid respirations

36
Q

Hypotension

A

An abnormally low blood pressure; less than 100 systolic in an adult

37
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Very shallow respirations

38
Q

Inhalation

A

The intake of air into the lungs, also called inspiration

39
Q

Insensible heat loss

A

Heat loss that occurs from evaporation of moisture from the respiratory tract, mucosa of the mouth, and the skin

40
Q

Insensible water loss

A

Continuous and unnoticed water loss

41
Q

Intermittent fever

A

A body temperature that alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures

42
Q

Kororkoffs sounds

A

The five phases of blood pressure sounds

43
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions

44
Q

Peripheral pulse

A

A pulse located in the periphery of the body

45
Q

Point of maximal impulse (PMI)

A

The point where the apex of the heart touches the anterior chest wall and heart movements are most easily observed and palpated

46
Q

Pulse

A

The wave of blood within an artery that is created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart

47
Q

Pulse deficit

A

The difference between the apical pulse and the radial pulse

48
Q

Pulse deficit

A

The difference between the apical pulse and the radial pulse

49
Q

Pulse oximeter

A

A noninvasive device that measures the arterial blood oxygen saturation by means of a sensor attached to the finger or other location

50
Q

Pulse pressure

A

The difference between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure

51
Q

Pulse rhythm

A

The pattern of the beats and intervals between the beats

52
Q

Pulse volume

A

The strength or amptitude of the pulse, the force of blood exerted with each heartbeat

53
Q

Pyrexia

A

A body temperature above the normal range; fever

54
Q

Radiation

A

The transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without contact between the two objects

55
Q

Relapsing fever

A

The occurrence of short febrile periods of a few days intersparsed with periods of 1 or 2 days of normal temperature

56
Q

Remittent fever

A

The occurrence of a wide range of temperature fluctuations, more than 2C (3.6F) over a 24-hour period, all of which are above normal

57
Q

Respiration

A

The act of breathing: includes the intake of oxygen and the output of carbon dioxide from the cells to the atmosphere

58
Q

Respiratory quality

A

Refers to those aspects of breathing that are different from normal, effortless breathing, includes the amount of effort exerted to breathe and the sounds produced by breathing

59
Q

Respiratory rhythm

A

Refers to the regularity of explorations and inspirations

60
Q

Surface temperature

A

The temperature of tissue, the subcutaneous tissue, and fat

61
Q

Systolic pressure

A

The pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the ventricles of the heart contract

62
Q

Tachycardia

A

An abnormally rapid pulse rate; greater than 100 beats

63
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally fast respirations; usually more than 24 respirations per minute

64
Q

Tidal volume

A

The volume of air that is normally inhaled and exhaled

65
Q

Ventilation

A

The movement of air in and out of the lungs; the process of inhalation and exhalation

66
Q

Vital signs

A

Body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure

Nursing Fundamentals (4 decks)

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