Chapter 29&30

Question 1

Global Results of the era of Revolutions

Answer 1

• spread ideals of freedom, equality, and sovereignty

- fuel the coming together of nation-states

Question 2

John Locke

Answer 2

“Government as a contract” - between the rulers that ruled and the ruled held that while the people granted political rights to their leaders, people retained basic rights to life, liberty and property. Any ruler who violated this could be disposed of.

Question 3

Voltaire

Answer 3

literary satire and harsh direct criticism

~ religious toleration and freedom of expression.

Question 4

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 4

Demanded legal and political equality and expressed the revolutionary ideal that members of society were collectively sovereign and generally the will of the people should rule.

Question 5

How would enlightened and revolutionary ideas spread?

Answer 5

Spread through violence and social upheaval and would take generations to approach fruition.

Question 6

French and Indian war

Answer 6

North American war (1754–63) between France and Great Britain. British victory over France left American colonists in a stronger position to resist British taxes and political influence in general, fostering the American Revolution.

Question 7

Continental congress

Answer 7

Coordinated resistance to British policy.

Question 8

John Watt

Answer 8

Developed the steam engine (1765) (Scotland) (Economic Systems & H-E interaction)

Question 9

Luddites

Answer 9

Protesters who destroyed textile machines that they blamed for their low wages & unemployment. Popular until the government hung 14 Luddites (1811-1816) (British) (Economic Systems)

Question 10

Eli Whitney

Answer 10

Invented the cotton gin; came up with the idea of interchangeable parts. (1764-1825) (America) (Economic Systems)

Question 11

Henry Ford

Answer 11

Came up with the assembly line (Econ. Systems) (1913) (America)

Question 12

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 12

Owned virtually every aspect of the oil industry; vertical organization. (Econ. Systems) (America)

Question 13

Thomas Malthus

Answer 13

Reverend who insisted that poverty and distress are the inevitable consequences of an unchecked population growth; and that demand for food will in every case exceed the means of subsistence.

Question 14

Robert Owen

Answer 14

Welsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858)

Question 15

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels

Answer 15

Rejected utopian socialism; in their theory there were two social classes - the producers (proletariat) & the capitalists (bourgeoisie) who were doomed to struggle with each other

Question 16

Assembly Line

Answer 16

Conveyor belts brought parts to workers and car was assembled as it moved down the line.

Question 17

Bessemer Convertor

Answer 17

A refined blast furnace; that made it possible to produce steel cheaply & in large quantities. Steel began to replace iron.

Question 18

Putting out system

Answer 18

used in the 17th and 18th century in which tasks were distributed to individuals who completed the work in their own homes.

Question 19

Corporation

Answer 19

A private business owned by hundreds, thousands or even millions of individual and institutional investors who finance the business through the purchase of stocks representing shares in the company.

Question 20

Trusts and cartels

Answer 20

C:

Question 21

Cotton Gin

Answer 21

A machine used to separate cotton from the seed

Question 22

Crystal Palace Exhibition

Answer 22

A structure of glass and iron that enclosed trees, gardens, fountains and manufactured goods from around the world. (1851)

Question 23

Utopian Socialism

Answer 23

Socialism achieved by the moral persuasion of capitalists to surrender the means of production peacefully to the people.

Question 24

Socialism

Answer 24

A political and economic theory of that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated…
(in Marxist theory) A transitional social state between the overthrow of capitalism and the realization of communism.

Question 25

Communist Manifesto

Answer 25

Marx & Engels aligned themselves with the communists, who worked toward the abolition of private property and the institution of a radically egalitarian society.

Question 26

Zaibatsu

Answer 26

Japanese term for wealthy cliques - similar to american trusts and cartels but usually organized around one family.