Chapter 29

Question 1

sporopollenin

Answer 1

A durable polymer that covers exposed zygotes of charophyte algae and forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out.

Question 2

gametophyte

Answer 2

In organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis. The haploid gametes unite and develop into sporophytes.

Question 3

sporophyte

Answer 3

n organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes. Meiosis in the sporophyte produces haploid spores that develop into gametophytes.

Question 4

spore

Answer 4

In the life cycle of a plant or alga undergoing alternation of generations, a haploid cell produced in the sporophyte by meiosis. A spore can divide by mitosis to develop into a multicellular haploid individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell.

Question 5

embryophyte

Question 6

sporangia

Answer 6

A multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop.

Question 7

sporocyte

Answer 7

A diploid cell within a sporangium that undergoes meiosis and generates haploid spores; also called a spore mother cell.

Question 8

gametangia

Question 9

antheridia

Question 10

archegonia

Question 11

apical meristem

Question 12

cuticle

Question 13

stomata

Answer 13

microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant.

Question 14

vascular tissue

Question 15

vascular plants

Question 16

bryophytes

Question 17

lycophytes

Question 18

monilophytes

Question 19

seedless vascular plants

Answer 19

An informal name for a plant that has vascular tissue but lacks seeds. Seedless vascular plants form a paraphyletic group that includes the phyla Lycophyta (club mosses and their relatives) and Monilophyta (ferns and their relatives).

Question 20

Gymnosperms

Question 21

Angiosperms

Question 22

seed

Answer 22

An adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat.

Question 23

protonemata

Question 24

gametophore

Question 25

rhizome

Question 26

foot

Question 27

septa

Answer 27

One of the cross-walls that divide a fungal hypha into cells. Septa generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell.

Question 28

capsule

Question 29

peat

Question 30

xylem

Question 31

peristome

Question 32

tracheids

Question 33

lignin

Question 34

phloem

Question 35

roots

Question 36

leaves

Question 37

microphylls

Question 38

megaphylls

Question 39

sporophylls

Answer 39

modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction.

Question 40

sori

Question 41

strobili

Question 42

heterosporous

Question 43

homosporous

Question 44

microspores

Question 45

megaspores