Chapter 28-Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt

Question 1

A reform movement led by Protestant ministers who used religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor. Popular at the turn of the 20th century, it was closely linked to the settlement-house movement, which brought middle-class, Anglo-American service volunteers into contact with immigrants and working people

Answer 1

Social gospel (639)

Question 2

Bright young reporters at the turn of the 20th century who won thsi unfavorable moniker from Teddy Roosevelt but boosted the circulations of theri magazines by writing exposes of widespread corruption in American society. Theri subjects included business manipulation of gov, white slavers, child labor, and the illegal deed o the trusts and helped spur the passage of reofrm legislation.

Answer 2

Muckrakers (639)

Question 3

A progressive reform measure allowing voters to petition to have a law placed on the general ballot. Like the referendum adn recall, it brought democracy directly “to the people” and helped foster a shift toward interest group politics and away from old political “machines”

Answer 3

Initiative (644)

Question 4

A progressive refomr procedure allowing voters to place a bill on the ballot for final approval, even after being passed by the legislature

Answer 4

Referendum (644)

Question 5

A progressive ballot procedure allowing oters to remove elected officials from office

Answer 5

Recall (644)

Question 6

A system that allows voters privacy in marking theri ballot choices. Developed in Australia in the 1850s, it was introduced ot the U during the progressive era to help counteract boss rule

Answer 6

Australian ballot (644)

Question 7

A landmark SC case in which crusading atotrney (and future SC justice) Louis D. Brandeis ersuaded the SC to accept the constitutionality of limiting the hours of women workers. Coming on the heels of Lochner v. New York, it established a different standard for male and female workers.

Answer 7

Muller v. Oregon (646)

Question 8

A setack for labor reformers, this SC decision invalidated a state law establishing a ten-hour day for bakers. It held that the “right ot free contract” was implicit in the due process clasue of the 14th Amendment

Answer 8

Lochner v. New York (646)

Question 9

Law passed by Congress to impose penalties on railroads that offered rebates and customers who accepted them. The lwaw strenghtend the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The Hepburn Act of 1906 added free passes to the list of railroad no-no’s

Answer 9

Elkins Act (649)

Question 10

A law passed by Congress to subject meatshipped over state lines to federal inspection. The publication of Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle earlier that year so disgusted American consumers with its description of conditions in slaughterhouses and meatpacking plants tht itmobilized public support for government action

Answer 10

Meat Inspection Act (650)

Question 11

A law passed by Congress to inspect and regulate the labeling of all foods and pharamceuticals intended for human consumption. This legislation, and additional provisions passed in1911 to trengthen it, aimed particulary at the patent medicine industry. The morecomprehensive Food, Drug, and Cosmetic act of 1938 largely replaced this legislation.

Answer 11

Pure Food and Drug Act (650)

Question 12

The federal government allowed the city of San Francisco to build a dam here in 1913. This was a blow to preservationists, who wished to protect the Yosemite National Park, where the dam was located

Answer 12

Hetch Hetchy Vally (6654)

Question 13

Name applied by President Taft’s critics to the policy of supporting US investments and political interests abroad. First applied to hte financing of railways in China after 1909, the policy then spread to Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. President Woodrow Wilson disavowed the practice, but his admin undertook comparable act of intervention in support of the US business interests, especially in Latin America

Answer 13

Dollar diplomacy (657)

Question 14

While intended to lower tariff ratesm this bill was eventually reivsed beyond all recogniztion, retaining high rates on most imports. President Taft angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it “the best bill that the Republican party ever passed.”

Answer 14

Payne-Aldrich Bill (658)

Question 15

Platform of reforms advocated by WW in his first presidential campaign, including stronger antitrust legislation to protect small business enterprises from monopolies, banking refor, and tariff reduction. Wilsons; strategy involved taking action to increase opportunities for capitalist competition rather than increasing government regulatino of large trusts.

Answer 15

New Freedom (659)

Question 16

State-interventionist reform program devised by journalist Herbert Croly adn advocated by TR during his Bull MOose presidential campaign. TR did no tobject to continued consolidation of trusts and labor unions. Rather, he sought to create stronger regulatory agencies to ensure that htey operated to serve the public interest, not just private gain.

Answer 16

New Nationalism (659)

Question 17

Ida Tarbell was a “Muckraker” who wrote in the magazine McClure’s (1921). As a younger woman, in 1904, Tarbell made her reputation by publishing the history of the Standard Oil Company, the “Mother of Trusts.”

Answer 17

Ida Tarbell

Question 18

He wrote the book “Wealth Against Commonwealth” in 1894. It was part of the progressive movement and the book’s purpose was to show the wrong in the monopoly of the Standard Oil Company.

Answer 18

Henry emarest Lloyd

Question 19

writer who assailed the new rich in The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), a savage attack on “predatory wealth” and “conspicuous consumption”; the parasitic leisure class engaged in wasteful “business” (making money for money’s sake) rather than productive “industry” (making goods to satisfy real needs; urged that social leadership pass from these titans to truly useful engineers

Answer 19

Thorstein Veblen

Question 20

photographer who compiled a large archive of turn-of-the-century urban life; exposed tenement lifestyle

Answer 20

Jacob A. Riis

Question 21

governor of Wisconsin; “Fighting Bob”; most militant of the progressive Republican leaders; wrestled control from railroad and lumber industries; regulated public utilities; elected 1901

Answer 21

Rober M. (“Fighting Bob”) La Follette

Question 22

elected Republican governor of California in 1910; helped break the grip of the Southern Pacific Railroad on California politics, then set up a political machine of his own

Answer 22

Hiram W. Johnson

Question 23

A former Hull House resident who became illinois first Chief factory inspector. In 1899 she took control of the National Consumers League.

Answer 23

Florence Kelley

Question 24

This pious leader of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union wished to eliminate the sale of alcohol and thereby “make the world more homelike.” Her ecumenical “do every thing” reform sensibility encouraged some women to take the leap toward more radical causes like woman suffrage, while allowing more conservative women to stick comfortably with temperance work.

Answer 24

Frances E. Willard

Question 25

A friend of Theodore Roosevelt, he was the head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation’s natural resources, like forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor’s mansion, on the Republican ticket.

Answer 25

Gifford Pinchot

Question 26

This noted naturalist split with conservationists like Gifford Pinchot by trying to protect natural “temples” like the Hetch Hetchy Valley from development. In 1892 he founded the Sierra Club, which is now one of the most influential conservation organizations in the United States. His writings and philosophy shaped the formation of the modern environmental movement.

Answer 26

John Muir

Question 27

progressive thinker that wrote The Promise of American Life; the book agreed with TR’s old policy of leaving good trusts alone but controlling bad trusts

Answer 27

Herbert Croly