Chapter 28: Hematologic and Renal Emergencies

Question 1

Blood cells that transport oxygen to the cells of the body are:

Answer 1

Red

Question 2

Blood cells that are critical in response to infection and mediate the body’s immune response are:

Answer 2

White

Question 3

The part of the blood responsible for clotting is:

Answer 3

Platelets

Question 4

The liquid part of blood is called:

Answer 4

Plasma

Question 5

A disease caused by a genetic defect in a patient’s hemoglobin is called:

Answer 5

Sickle Cell Disease

Question 6

Patients whose kidneys can no longer provide filtration and fluid balance have:

Answer 6

End-stage renal disease

Question 7

Renal patients whose blood is filtered through a specialized machine are undergoing:

Answer 7

Hemodialysis

Question 8

The vibration that can be felt by the EMT when a patient’s AV fistula is gently palpated is called:

Answer 8

Thrill

Question 9

The extreme pain felt by sickle cell patients during a crisis results primarily from the sludging and accumulation of:

Answer 9

Red blood cells

Question 10

End-stage renal patients who miss their dialysis treatments are at high risk for:

Answer 10

Cardiac arrest

Question 11

A person who lacks a normal number of red blood cells is said to be [_____].

Answer 11

Anemic

Question 12

Patients with sickle cell disease have abnormal, sickle-shaped [_________].

Answer 12

Red blood cells

Question 13

[__________] is described as the failure of the kidneys to filter the blood and remove toxins and excess fluids from the body.

Answer 13

Renal failure

Question 14

[________] is the liquid part of the blood that transports nutirients.

Answer 14

Plasma

Question 15

Patients with end-stage renal disease will require [________].

Answer 15

Dialysis

Question 16

The two primary types of dialysis are [________] and [_______].

Answer 16

Hemodialysis; Peritoneal dialysis

Question 17

ESRD patients who miss a dialysis treatment may have symptoms very similar to [______].

Answer 17

Congestive heart failure

Question 18

The most commonly transplanted organ is the [_______].

Answer 18

Kidney

Question 19

Renal patients in cardiac arrest may not respond to treatments with the [___________].

Answer 19

Automatic external defibrillator

Question 20

Sickle cell patients are at higher risk of having the [_______] destroyed by the disease.

Answer 20

Spleen

Question 21

List the 4 components of blood

Answer 21

• White blood cells
• Red blood cells
• Plasma
• Platelets

Question 22

List 6 complications from sickle cell disease

Answer 22

• Destruction of spleen
• Jaundice
• Stroke
• Sickle cell pain crisis
• Acute chest syndrome
• Priapism

Question 23

List 5 signs and symptoms that patients who miss their dialysis treatment may exhibit

Answer 23

• Shortness of breath/respiratory distress
• Fluid accumulation in lungs
• Fluid accumulation throughout the body (hands & feet)
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Heart dysrhythmias

Question 24

List the 4 steps the EMT should take in treating a sickle cell patient

Answer 24

• 1. Administer supplemental oxygen if the patient is short of breath, has chest pain, or oxygen saturation is below 95%
• 2. Monitor patients with acute chest syndrome for signs of inadequate respiration and provide bag-valve mask ventilation as necessary
• 3. Monitor patients with high fever for signs of hypoperfusion, and treat for shock if necessary
• 4. Transport patients with acute stroke symptoms to a designated stoke center if available

Question 25

TRUE/FALSE: White blood cells transport oxygen to the cells of the body.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

TRUE/FALSE: Sickle cell disease is an inherited disease.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

TRUE/FALSE: Patients with lower than normal red blood cell counts have anemia.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

TRUE/FALSE: Patients with anemia often have sickle cell disease.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

TRUE/FALSE: Patients with end-stage renal disease do not require dialysis.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

TRUE/FALSE: Patients experiencing a sickle cell crisis do not experience severe pain.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

TRUE/FALSE: End-stage renal patients often miss their dialysis appointments.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

TRUE/FALSE: Sickle cell anemia results in the destruction of the kidneys.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

TRUE/FALSE: End-stage renal patients in cardiac arrest may not respond to shocks from an AED.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

TRUE/FALSE: Blood pressures can be taken in the arm with a fistula.

Answer 34

False