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Fiser ABSITE Review + Decker + TrueLearn > Chapter 28 – G.I. Hormones > Flashcards

Chapter 28 – G.I. Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Where is gastrin produced?

A

G sells in antrum

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2
Q

Target cells of gastrin? Response?

A

Parietal cells and chief cells; increased HCl, intrinsic factor, pepsinogen secretion

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3
Q

Mechanism of action of omeprazole?

A

Blocks H/K ATPase of parietal cell

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4
Q

Where is somatostatin produced?

A

D cells in antrum

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5
Q

Secretion of somatostatin is simulated by what?

A

By acid in duodenum

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6
Q

Target cells of somatostatin? Response?

A

Many - the great inhibitor; inhibits gastrin, HCl release, inhibits release of insulin, glucagon, secretin, GIP, motilin, neurotensin, enteroglucagon; decreases pancreatic and biliary output

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7
Q

What is octreotide? What is it used for?

A

Somatostatin analog, can be used to decrease pancreatic fistula output

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8
Q

Gastric inhibitory peptide is made where?

A

K cells in duodenum

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9
Q

Secretion of GIP stimulated by what?

A

Amino acids, glucose, long chain fatty acids, decreased pH

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10
Q

Target cells of GIP? Response?

A

Parietal cells of stomach and data cells the pancreas, decreased HCL secretion and pepsin, increase insulin release

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11
Q

CCK is produced where?

A

Produced by I cells of duodenum and jejunum

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12
Q

Secretion of CCK stimulated by what?

A

Secretion stimulated by amino acids, fatty acid chains

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13
Q

Response of CCK?

A

Gallbladder contraction, relaxation of sphincter Oddi, increased pancreatic enzyme secretion, some increase in intestinal motility

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14
Q

Secretin is produced where?

A

S cells of duodenum

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15
Q

Secretion of secretin is stimulated by what? Inhibited by what?

A

Stimulated by fat, bile, pH less than 4; inhibited by pH greater than four, gastrin

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16
Q

Response to secretin?

A

Increased pancreatic HCO3-, increased bile flow, inhibit gastrin release (this is reversed in patients with gastrinoma), inhibit HCl release

17
Q

High pancreatic duct output shows what electrolyte response?

A

Increased HCO3-, decreased CL-

18
Q

Slow pancreatic duct output shows what electrolyte response?

A

Increased CL, decreased HCO3-; carbonic anhydrase in duct exchanges HCO3- for CL

19
Q

Where is vasoactive intestinal peptide produced?

A

Produced by cells in gut and pancreas

20
Q

Secretion of VIP stimulated by what?

A

Fat, acetylcholine

21
Q

Response to VIP?

A

Increased intestinal secretion and motility, inhibits gastrin release

22
Q

Insulin is produced where?

A

Beta cells of pancreas

23
Q

Secretion of insulin stimulated by what? Inhibited by what?

A

Stimulated by glucose, glucagon’s, CCK; inhibited by somatostatin, pancreatostatin

24
Q

Response to insulin?

A

Cellular glucose uptake; promotes protein synthesis

25
Q

Where is glucagon produced?

A

Alpha cells of pancreas, also from alpha cells stomach, intestines

26
Q

Secretion of glucagon stimulated by what? Inhibited by what?

A

Stimulated by decreased glucose, increased amino acids, acetylcholine, gastrin releasing peptide; inhibited by increased glucose, increased insulin, somatostatin

27
Q

Response to glucagon?

A

Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, ketogenesis, decreased gastric acid secretion, decreased pancreatic secretions, decreased intestinal motility, decreased stomach motility, increased LES pressure, decreased MMCs

28
Q

Pancreatic polypeptide produced where?

A

Islet cells in pancreas

29
Q

Secretion of pancreatic polypeptide stimulated by what?

A

Food, vagal stimulation, other GI hormones

30
Q

Response to pancreatic polypeptide?

A

Decreased pancreatic and gallbladder secretion

31
Q

Motilin is produced where?

A

Intestinal cells of gut

32
Q

Secretion of motilin stimulated by what? Inhibited by what?

A

Stimulated by duodenal acid, food, vagal input, gastrin releasing peptide; inhibited by somatostatin, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide, duodenal fat

33
Q

Bombesin is otherwise known as what? Response?

A

Gastrin releasing peptide; increased intestinal motor activity, increased pancreatic enzyme secretion, increased gastric acid secretion

34
Q

Where is peptide YY produced?

A

Terminal ileum following fatty meal

35
Q

Response to peptide YY?

A

Inhibits acid secretion and stomach contraction; inhibits gallbladder contraction and pancreatic secretion

36
Q

Anorexia is mediated by what?

A

Hypothalamus

37
Q

What is the recovery time for small bowel? Stomach? Large bowel?

A

Small bowel – 24 hours, stomach – 48 hours, large bowel - 3-5 days

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