chapter 28: 4 supergroups of eukaryotes

Question 1

4 supergroups of eukaryotes

Answer 1

excavata, SAR, archaeplastida, unikonta

Question 2

three kinds of excavata

Answer 2

diplomonads, parabasalids, and euglenozoans

Question 3

• reduced mitochondria called mitosomes
• derive energy from anaerobic biochemical pathways
• 2 equal-sized nuclei and multiple flagella
• often parasites

Answer 3

diplomonads

Question 4

• reduced mitochondria called hydrogenosomes
• include sexually transmitted parasite Trichomonus vaginalis

Answer 4

parabasalids

Question 5

• distinguished by spiral or crystalline rod inside flagella
• kinetoplastids(single mitochondrion w/ an organized mass of DNA)
• euglenids(have 1 or 2 flagella that emerge from a pocket

Answer 5

euglenozoans

Question 6

3 groups of SAR

Answer 6

stramenopiles, alveolates, rhizarians

Question 7

• most important photosynthetic organisms on Earth
• hairy flagellum w smooth flagellum
• consist of diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae

Answer 7

stramenopiles

Question 8

unicellular algae w unique 2-part wall of silicon dioxide. blooms cause dead individuals to fall to ocean floor

Answer 8

diatoms

Question 9

largest, most complex algae. multicellular. lack true tissues/organs

Answer 9

brown algae

Question 10

• have membrane-enclosed sacs under the plasma membrane
• consist of dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates

Answer 10

alveolates

Question 11

• 2 flagella. cells reinforced by cellulose plates. marine and freshwater phytoplankton. cause red tides.

Answer 11

dinoflagellates

Question 12

most are parasites of animals. spread thru host as infectious cells called sporozoites. include plasmodium(causes malaria)

Answer 12

apicomplexans

Question 13

predators of bacteria or protists. 2 types of nuclei. conjugation (2 individuals exchange haploid micronuclei)

Answer 13

ciliates

Question 14

3 types of rhizarians

Answer 14

radiolarians, forams, and cercozoans

Question 15

have internal skeletons made of silica. pseudopodia radiate from central body

Answer 15

radiolarians

Question 16

named for porous shells called tests that are made of calcium carbonate. magnesium content in foram fossils can be used to estimate changes in ocean temps over time

Answer 16

foram

Question 17

3 groups of archaeplastida

Answer 17

red algae, green algae, and plants

Question 18

phycoerythrin masks the green of the chlorophyll. largest are seaweeds. most abundant large algae in the tropics.

Answer 18

red algae

Question 19

closely related to plants. paraphyletic. consists of charophytes and chlorophytes. large in size w lots of complexity. sexual and asexual stages

Answer 19

green algae

Question 20

2 groups of unikonta

Answer 20

amoebozoans and opisthokonts

Question 21

• have lobe- or tube-shaped pseudopodia
• consist of slime molds, tubulins, and entamoebas

Answer 21

amoebozoans

Question 22

spore-producing fruiting bodies. resemble fungi (convergent evolution).

Answer 22

slime molds

Question 23

unicellular. in soil and freshwater/marine environments. heterotrophic

Answer 23

tubulinids

Question 24

parasites of vertebrates and some invertebrates. cause amebic dysentery

Answer 24

entamoebas