Chapter 28 Flashcards
Understanding Cloud and Virtualization Concepts
Describe the three primary methods of providing a cloud computing environment.
Public clouds are hosted on servers owned and operated by a third party. The company doesn’t own or operate any of the server hardware; it just utilizes space on those servers. Other companies can rent space in the same public cloud. Private clouds are hosted on servers located within the corporate network. All of the application files as well as data files reside within the corporate network. Hybrid clouds utilize private cloud servers but also interface them with public cloud servers. With the hybrid cloud, data could be located either externally in the public cloud or internally on the private cloud.
Explain the three types of cloud services.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) provides hardware-level services to customers. This includes servers, storage space, and the network resources to connect them. Platform as a service (PaaS) provides on-demand environments for developing software. In the PaaS cloud service, the server hardware, operating system, and runtime libraries are all provided by the cloud service. Software as a service (SaaS) runs applications in the cloud environment, allowing customers to access those applications via the Internet.
Explain the two types of hypervisors.
Type I hypervisors run directly on the system hardware. They act as a mediator between the hardware and the guest operating systems. Type I hypervisors allocate resources to each guest operating system, ensuring that each one gets enough. Type II hypervisors run on top of a host operating system. The host operating system interacts with the server hardware; the hypervisor software must go through the host operating system to access resources. Guest operating systems still only interact with the hypervisor software.
Describe how containers differ from virtual machines.
Most container packages don’t include a full operating system, but virtual machines do. Container packages only include the library files and application runtime files necessary to run a specific application. This makes the containers lightweight and easy to deploy.
Which cloud service method utilizes only servers owned and operated by a third party?
Private Public Hybrid Type II Type I
B. Public cloud services utilize servers hosted by a third-party company, so option B is correct. Private cloud services use servers hosted internally by the company, not by a third party, so option A is incorrect. Hybrid cloud services utilize servers hosted both internally and externally, not just by a third party, so option C is incorrect. Type I and Type II are types of hypervisors and not cloud services, so options D and E are incorrect.
Tom currently runs a cloud for his company on internal servers but needs some extra processing power to run a new application. What method of cloud service can he check out to leverage his existing cloud without needing to buy more internal servers?
Private Public Hybrid Type I Type II
C. A hybrid cloud service utilizes servers internal to the company as well as external at a third-party location. This provides an easy way to increase server capabilities without having to purchase your own hardware, so option C is correct. The entire private cloud is hosted internally, so Tom would need to purchase additional servers to support the application, so option A is incorrect. A public cloud is hosted in its entirety externally on a third-party network, so Tom wouldn’t be able to use his current cloud servers, so option B is incorrect. Type I and Type II are types of hypervisors and not cloud services, so options D and E are incorrect.
Sally is interested in developing her application in the cloud without having to worry about administering an operating system. What type of cloud service should she buy?
PaaS Private cloud IaaS SaaS Hybrid cloud
A. The platform-as-a-service (PaaS) cloud type provides a complete development environment for customers, so option A is correct. The private and hybrid clouds are methods of implementing a cloud and not types of clouds, so options B and E are incorrect. The infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) cloud type provides only hardware to build an operating system, so Sally would need more to develop her applications, making option C incorrect. The software-as-a-service (SaaS) cloud type provides the full application—it doesn’t allow you to develop your own applications—so option D is incorrect.
Which type of cloud service allows you to spin up your own operating systems on infrastructure provided by the cloud?
PaaS Private cloud IaaS SaaS Hybrid cloud
C. The infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) cloud type allows you to install your own operating systems on the cloud hardware, so option C is correct. The private and hybrid clouds are methods of implementing clouds and not cloud types, so options B and E are incorrect. The platform-as-a-service (PaaS) and software-as-a-service (SaaS) cloud types provide the operating system, so you can’t install your own, making options A and D incorrect.
Which type of hypervisor interfaces directly with the host system hardware?
Private Public Type II Type I Hybrid
D. Type I hypervisors interface directly with the system hardware and act as a go-between, controlling resources for the guest virtual machines, making option D correct. Type II hypervisors run on top of a host operating system and don’t directly interface with the system hardware, so option C is incorrect. Private, public, and hybrid are methods for implementing cloud services and not hypervisors, so options A, B, and E are all incorrect.
Henry already has installed Red Hat Linux on his server but now needs to install virtual machines. What type of hypervisor package should he use?
Private Public Type II Type I Hybrid
C. Type II hypervisors install on a host operating system and receive resources from the host operating system, so option C is correct. Type I hypervisors install directly on the server hardware without a host operating system, so option D is incorrect. Private, public, and hybrid are methods of implementing cloud services and not types of hypervisors, so options A, B, and E are all incorrect.
Which type of hypervisor template bundles all of the configuration files into a single file for distribution?
XML JSON OVA OVF YAML
C. The Open Virtualization Appliance (OVA) file format bundles all of the virtual machine configuration files into a single tar file for distribution, so option C is correct. The Open Virtualization Format (OVF) format defines several separate files for storing configuration values, not a single file, so option D is incorrect. XML, JSON, and YAML are all configuration file formats and not methods to bundle the configuration files, so options A, B, and E are all incorrect.
Fred wants to package his application so that it’s guaranteed to run the same way no matter what Linux distribution his customers use. How can he do this?
Package the application as a container. Package the application as a hypervisor. Deploy the application to a private cloud. Deploy the application as a virtual machine. Bundle the application as a tar file and deploy it.
A. Containers bundle the application runtime files along with any library files required to run the application. This ensures that the application will run in any environment, so option A is correct. A hypervisor manages virtual machines on a system and doesn’t deploy applications, so option B is incorrect. Deploying the application to a private cloud would make the application available to Fred’s internal network, but customers outside of his network wouldn’t be able to run the application, so option C is incorrect. Deploying the application as a virtual machine would make the application run consistently but would also require each customer to install the same hypervisor package on their operating system, so option D is incorrect. Bundling the application files as a tar file doesn’t ensure that the required system library will be present on all of the customer workstations, so option E is incorrect.
What method should you use to easily move an application from a development environment to a production environment without having to duplicate the operating system?
Public cloud Private cloud Type I hypervisor Type II hypervisor Container
E. Containers include all of the files necessary to run an application, no matter what the host system, so option E is the correct answer. Public and private clouds don’t guarantee the same development and production environments directly, so options A and B are both incorrect. Type I and Type II hypervisors don’t host applications directly but need a virtual machine, so options C and D are both incorrect.
Which Linux container package runs an engine as a process on the host operating system and provides a command-line interface to control containers?
Snap Docker KVM XEN VirtualBox
B. The Docker container package runs as a process on the host operating system and provides a command-line interface for controlling containers, so option B is correct. The Snap package provides software application containers but doesn’t provide a command-line interface to control them, so option A is incorrect. The KVM, XEN, and VirtualBox packages are all hypervisor packages, not containers, so options C, D, and E are all incorrect.
