Chapter 27: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
The primary components of the extracellular fluid are:
a) lymph and cerebrospinal fluid
b) plasma and serous fluids
c) interstitial fluid and plasma
c) interstitial fluid and plasma
Identify the four hormones that mediate major physiological adjustments affecting fluid and electrolyte balance?
- ADH or antidiuretic hormone
- Aldosterone
- ANP
- BNP
ADH stimulates water conservation by the ______ and stimulates the _____ center
Kidneys, Thirst Center
Aldosterone determines the rate of ________ reabsorption and ______ secretion along the DCT and collecting system of the kidneys and the natriuretic peptides
Sodium, Potassium
The principal anions in the ICF are:
a) phosphate and proteins (Pr-)
b) phosphate and bicarbonate
c) sodium and chloride
d) sodium and potassium
a) phosphate and proteins (Pr-)
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus monitor the osmotic concentrations of ECF and secrete in response to higher osmotic concentrations:
(a) BNP, (b) ANP, (c) aldosterone, (d) ADH
d) ADH
Calcium homeostasis primarily reflects:
a) a balance between absorption in the gut and excretion in the kidneys.
b) careful regulation of blood calcium levels by the kidneys
c) an interplay among reserves in the bones, the rate of absorption, and the rate of excretion
c) an interplay among reserves in the bones, the rate of absorption, and the rate of excretion
The most important factor affecting pH of body tissues is the concentration of:
a) lactic acid
b) ketone bodies
c) organic acids
d) carbon dioxide
d) carbon dioxide
changes in the pH of body fluids are compensated for by all of the following except:
a) an increase in urine output
b) carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
c) phosphate buffer system
a) an increase in urine output
respiratory acidosis develops when the blood pH is:
a) increased due to a decreased blood Pco2 level
b) decreased due to an increased blood Pco2 level
b) decreased due to an increased blood Pco2 level
Metabolic alkalosis occurs when:
a) bicarbonate ion concentrations become elevated
b) severe bicarbonate loss occurs
c) the kidneys fail to excrete hydrogen ions
a) bicarbonate ion concentrations become elevated