Chapter 27: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

The primary components of the extracellular fluid are:

a) lymph and cerebrospinal fluid
b) plasma and serous fluids
c) interstitial fluid and plasma

A

c) interstitial fluid and plasma

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2
Q

Identify the four hormones that mediate major physiological adjustments affecting fluid and electrolyte balance?

A
  1. ADH or antidiuretic hormone
  2. Aldosterone
  3. ANP
  4. BNP
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3
Q

ADH stimulates water conservation by the ______ and stimulates the _____ center

A

Kidneys, Thirst Center

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4
Q

Aldosterone determines the rate of ________ reabsorption and ______ secretion along the DCT and collecting system of the kidneys and the natriuretic peptides

A

Sodium, Potassium

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5
Q

The principal anions in the ICF are:

a) phosphate and proteins (Pr-)
b) phosphate and bicarbonate
c) sodium and chloride
d) sodium and potassium

A

a) phosphate and proteins (Pr-)

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6
Q

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus monitor the osmotic concentrations of ECF and secrete in response to higher osmotic concentrations:
(a) BNP, (b) ANP, (c) aldosterone, (d) ADH

A

d) ADH

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7
Q

Calcium homeostasis primarily reflects:

a) a balance between absorption in the gut and excretion in the kidneys.
b) careful regulation of blood calcium levels by the kidneys
c) an interplay among reserves in the bones, the rate of absorption, and the rate of excretion

A

c) an interplay among reserves in the bones, the rate of absorption, and the rate of excretion

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8
Q

The most important factor affecting pH of body tissues is the concentration of:

a) lactic acid
b) ketone bodies
c) organic acids
d) carbon dioxide

A

d) carbon dioxide

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9
Q

changes in the pH of body fluids are compensated for by all of the following except:

a) an increase in urine output
b) carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
c) phosphate buffer system

A

a) an increase in urine output

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10
Q

respiratory acidosis develops when the blood pH is:

a) increased due to a decreased blood Pco2 level
b) decreased due to an increased blood Pco2 level

A

b) decreased due to an increased blood Pco2 level

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11
Q

Metabolic alkalosis occurs when:

a) bicarbonate ion concentrations become elevated
b) severe bicarbonate loss occurs
c) the kidneys fail to excrete hydrogen ions

A

a) bicarbonate ion concentrations become elevated

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