chapter 27, Asepsis and infection control

Question 1

what is the recommended sequence for removing soiled PPE?

Answer 1

Gloves
goggles
gown
mask
wash hands

Question 2

precautions used in the care of all hospitalized individuals regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status

Answer 2

standard precautions

Question 3

precautions used in addition to standard precautions for patients in hospitals with suspected infections with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes

Answer 3

Transmission-based precautions

Question 4

Airborne precautions

Answer 4

TB, varicella (chicken pox), rubeola (measles), H1N1, possible SARS.
place patient in private room that has monitored negative air pressure. keep door close.
transport patient out of room only when necessary and place a surgical mask on the patient if possible.
N95 mask

Question 5

droplet precautions

Answer 5

rubella, mumps, diphtheria and adenovirus infection
use private room if available. door may remain open.
keep visitors 3 feet from the infected person
transport patient out of room, place surgical mask.

Question 6

World health organizations 5 moments to perform hand hygiene

Answer 6

before touching a patient
after patient contact
after body fluid exposure risk
after touching patient's surroundings
before clean aseptic procedures

Question 7

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers

Answer 7

The preferred method
more effective in killing bacteria on hands than hand washing
takes less time to perform hand hygiene
less damaging to the skin.

Question 8

what times are hand washing with soap and water required?

Answer 8

hands are visibly soiled
hands are contaminated with blood or body fluids
after using the bathroom or helping a patient use the bathroom
after touching a patient or the environment of a patient with clostridium difficile infection.

Question 9

contact precautions

Answer 9

use for patients who are infected or colonized by multidrug resistant organism (MDRO)
place patient in a private room, if available
wear PPE, and remove before leaving the patient environment
wash hands with an antimicrobial or waterless antiseptic agent
limit movement of patient out of the room
avoid sharing patient care equipment

Question 10

precautions required for patients who are infected with an organism that can be transmitted over long distances when suspended in the air?

Answer 10

Airborne

Question 11

people who carry an organism on/in the body without evidence of infection?

Answer 11

colonized

Question 12

invasion and multiplication of pathogenic organisms on/in the body that causes tissue damage and result in physical response (fever, elevated WBC, swelling, pus) is..

Answer 12

infection

Question 13

MDRO

Answer 13

multidrug-resistant organism
infections are difficult to treat
colonized patients are at risk for developing infection
Eg; MRSA, VRE

Question 14

Methicillin-resistant straphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Answer 14

skin organism
colonizes the nares, perineum, axilla
often causes skin, blood and even respiratory infections

Question 15

Vancomycin- resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Answer 15

enteric organism
colonizes the GI tract
often causes wound and UTI

Question 16

Clostridium difficile

Answer 16

not a MDRO
bacteria that invades the colon
causes severe diarrheal, colitis and sometimes death
use contact precautions always and PPE (gloves, gown)

when exposed to air, the bacterial forms a spore that allows it to live for months on environmental surfaces

Question 17

An infection which the causative organism is acquired from other people

Answer 17

exogenous

Question 18

An infection acquired as a results from a treatment or diagnostic procedure

Answer 18

iatrogenic

Question 19

An infection occurs when the causative organism comes from microbial life harbored in the person

Answer 19

endogenous

Question 20

during which stage of infection is the person most infectious

Answer 20

prodromal stage
early SxS of disease are present, often vague and nonspecific (fatigue, malaise, low grade fever)
The patient often does not realize he or she is contagious

Question 21

nonhuman carriers that transmit organisms from one host to another, by injecting salivary fluid when a human bite occurs

Answer 21

vectors

mosquitoes, ticks, lice

Question 22

A disease that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population can appear in a different geographical location

Answer 22

endemic

Question 23

Examples of procedures that use surgical asepsis

Answer 23

inserting an indwelling urinary catheter

inserting an IV catheter