chapter 27, Asepsis and infection control Flashcards
what is the recommended sequence for removing soiled PPE?
Gloves goggles gown mask wash hands
precautions used in the care of all hospitalized individuals regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status
standard precautions
precautions used in addition to standard precautions for patients in hospitals with suspected infections with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes
Transmission-based precautions
Airborne precautions
TB, varicella (chicken pox), rubeola (measles), H1N1, possible SARS.
place patient in private room that has monitored negative air pressure. keep door close.
transport patient out of room only when necessary and place a surgical mask on the patient if possible.
N95 mask
droplet precautions
rubella, mumps, diphtheria and adenovirus infection
use private room if available. door may remain open.
keep visitors 3 feet from the infected person
transport patient out of room, place surgical mask.
World health organizations 5 moments to perform hand hygiene
before touching a patient after patient contact after body fluid exposure risk after touching patient's surroundings before clean aseptic procedures
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers
The preferred method
more effective in killing bacteria on hands than hand washing
takes less time to perform hand hygiene
less damaging to the skin.
what times are hand washing with soap and water required?
hands are visibly soiled
hands are contaminated with blood or body fluids
after using the bathroom or helping a patient use the bathroom
after touching a patient or the environment of a patient with clostridium difficile infection.
contact precautions
use for patients who are infected or colonized by multidrug resistant organism (MDRO)
place patient in a private room, if available
wear PPE, and remove before leaving the patient environment
wash hands with an antimicrobial or waterless antiseptic agent
limit movement of patient out of the room
avoid sharing patient care equipment
precautions required for patients who are infected with an organism that can be transmitted over long distances when suspended in the air?
Airborne
people who carry an organism on/in the body without evidence of infection?
colonized
invasion and multiplication of pathogenic organisms on/in the body that causes tissue damage and result in physical response (fever, elevated WBC, swelling, pus) is..
infection
MDRO
multidrug-resistant organism
infections are difficult to treat
colonized patients are at risk for developing infection
Eg; MRSA, VRE
Methicillin-resistant straphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
skin organism
colonizes the nares, perineum, axilla
often causes skin, blood and even respiratory infections
Vancomycin- resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
enteric organism
colonizes the GI tract
often causes wound and UTI
Clostridium difficile
not a MDRO
bacteria that invades the colon
causes severe diarrheal, colitis and sometimes death
use contact precautions always and PPE (gloves, gown)
when exposed to air, the bacterial forms a spore that allows it to live for months on environmental surfaces
An infection which the causative organism is acquired from other people
exogenous
An infection acquired as a results from a treatment or diagnostic procedure
iatrogenic
An infection occurs when the causative organism comes from microbial life harbored in the person
endogenous
during which stage of infection is the person most infectious
prodromal stage
early SxS of disease are present, often vague and nonspecific (fatigue, malaise, low grade fever)
The patient often does not realize he or she is contagious
nonhuman carriers that transmit organisms from one host to another, by injecting salivary fluid when a human bite occurs
vectors
mosquitoes, ticks, lice
A disease that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population can appear in a different geographical location
endemic
Examples of procedures that use surgical asepsis
inserting an indwelling urinary catheter
inserting an IV catheter
