Chapter 27 - Amines, Amino Acids and Polymers Flashcards
Amines, Amino acids, amides, and polymers, Condensation polymers.
What is the difference between an aliphatic amine and an aromatic amine?
Aliphatic - nitrogen is attached to at least one straight or branched carbon chain
Aromatic - nitrogen is attached to an aromatic ring
What do amines often behave as?
Bases
How do amines behave as bases?
Nitrogen donates electron pair to H+ to form covalent bond
accept protons
For the formation of primary amines, what is reacted together in the two steps?
Haloalkane and ammonia»_space;> salt
Salt and sodium hydroxide»_space;> primary amine + ionic solid + water
In primary amine formation, what is in excess and why?
Ammonia in excess
Prevents product from reacting with more of the haloalkane to produce secondary and tertiary amine
In primary amine formation, what is the purpose of ethanol?
ethanol is used for all amine formation
Solvent
Prevents substitution of haloalkane by water to produce alcohols
What are the two steps of forming a secondary amine from a primary amine?
Primary amine + haloalkane (CH3Br) and ethanol as solvent
Salt product + NaOH forms secondary amine + ionic solid + water
How is phenylamine made from nitrobenzene?
Nitrobenzene heated under reflux with tin and HCl to form ammonium salt
Ammonium salt reacted with NaOH to produce phenylamine
What do tin and HCl act as in formation of phenylamine from nitrobenzene?
Reducing agent
What is the general structure of an alpha amino acid?
Carbon attached to four groups: H, R, NH2 and COOH
Which two groups must amino acids contain?
Amine
Carboxyl
What is present in ester formation from amino acid?
Alcohol + amino acid
H2SO4
NaOH
What is the purpose of NaOH in amino acid esterification?
Free the base from the HSO4- salt of H2N- group
Amino acids are amphoteric, what does this mean?
Have acidic and basic properties
How can amino acids act as a base and an acid?
NH2 group acts as a base
COOH group acts as an acid
How are amides formed?
Reaction of acyl chloride with ammonia/amines
What do optical isomers have in common?
Same physical properties
What do optical isomers do?
Rotate plane-polarised light
What are the two monomer types that form polyesters?
Diols
Dicarboxylic acids
How can polyesters be formed from one monomer?
One end has alcohol
Other end has carboxyl
What is condensation polymerisation?
Joining of monomers with loss of a small molecule, usually water or HCl
Two different functional groups are needed
How can polyamides be formed from two monomers?
Diamine
Dicarboxylic acid
How can polyamides be formed from just one monomer?
Amino acids contain a carboxylic acid and amine group
What is the common name for polyamides made from two monomers?
Nylon
