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OCR A-Level Chemistry Henry K > Chapter 27 - Amines, Amino Acids and Polymers > Flashcards

Chapter 27 - Amines, Amino Acids and Polymers Flashcards

Amines, Amino acids, amides, and polymers, Condensation polymers.

1
Q

What is the difference between an aliphatic amine and an aromatic amine?

A

Aliphatic - nitrogen is attached to at least one straight or branched carbon chain
Aromatic - nitrogen is attached to an aromatic ring

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2
Q

What do amines often behave as?

A

Bases

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3
Q

How do amines behave as bases?

A

Nitrogen donates electron pair to H+

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4
Q

For the formation of primary amines, what is reacted together in the two steps?

A

Haloalkane and ammonia&raquo_space;> salt

Salt and sodium hydroxide&raquo_space;> primary amine + ionic solid + water

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5
Q

In primary amine formation, what is in excess and why?

A

Ammonia in excess

Prevents product from reacting with more of the haloalkane to produce secondary and tertiary amine

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6
Q

In primary amine formation, what is the purpose of ethanol?

A

Solvent

Prevents substitution of haloalkane by water to produce alcohols

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7
Q

What are the two steps of forming a secondary amine from a primary amine?

A

Primary amine + haloalkane (CH3Br)and ethanol as solvent

Salt product + NaOH forms secondary amine + ionic solid + water

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8
Q

How is phenylamine made from nitrobenzene?

A

Nitrobenzene heated under reflux with tin and HCl to form ammonium salt
Ammonium salt reacted with NaOH to produce phenylamine

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9
Q

What do tin and HCl act as in formation of phenylamine from nitrobenzene?

A

Reducing agent

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10
Q

What is the general structure of an alpha amino acid?

A

Carbon attached to four groups: H, R, NH2 and COOH

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11
Q

Which two groups must amino acids contain?

A

Amine

Carboxyl

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12
Q

What is present in ester formation from amino acid?

A

Alcohol + amino acid
H2SO4
NaOH

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13
Q

What is the purpose of NaOH in amino acid esterification?

A

Free the base from the HSO4- salt of H2N- group

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14
Q

Amino acids are amphoteric, what does this mean?

A

Have acidic and basic properties

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15
Q

How can amino acids act as a base and an acid?

A

NH2 group acts as a base

COOH group acts as an acid

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16
Q

How are amides formed?

A

Reaction of acyl chloride with ammonia/amines

17
Q

What do optical isomers have in common?

A

Same physical properties

18
Q

What do optical isomers do?

A

Rotate plane-polarised light

19
Q

What are the two monomer types that form polyesters?

A

Diols

Dicarboxylic acids

20
Q

How can polyesters be formed from one monomer?

A

One end has alcohol

Other end has carboxyl

21
Q

What is condensation polymerisation?

A

Joining of monomers with loss of a small molecule, usually water or HCl
Two different functional groups are needed

22
Q

How can polyamides be formed from two monomers?

A

Diamine

Dicarboxylic acid

23
Q

How can polyamides be formed from just one monomer?

A

Amino acids contain a carboxylic acid and amine group

24
Q

What is the common name for polyamides made from two monomers?

25
Q

What is required to undergo acid hydrolysis?

A

Excess HCl

H2O

26
Q

What is formed from polyester undergoing acid hydrolysis?

A

Diol

Dicarboxylic acid

27
Q

What is required to undergo base hydrolysis?

A

Excess NaOH

28
Q

What is formed from polyester undergoing base hydrolysis?

A

Diol

Salt of dicarboxylic acid

29
Q

What is formed from acid hydrolysis of polyamide?

A

Diammonium salt

Dicarboxylic acid

30
Q

What is formed from base hydrolysis of polyamide?

A

Diamine

Salt of dicarboxylic acid

31
Q

How does addition polymerisation differ from condensation polymerisation with monomers?

A

Addition - monomer contains C=C bond

Condensation - two monomers with two functional groups or one monomer with two different functional groups

32
Q

How does addition polymerisation differ from condensation polymerisation with backbone?

A

Addition - backbone of polymer is -C-C- bond

Condensation - polymer back bone contains ester or amide groups

33
Q

CH3CH2CH2CL + NH3&raquo_space;>

A

CH3CH2CH2NH3+CL-

CH3CH2CH2NH3+CL- + NaOH&raquo_space;> CH3CH2CH2NH2 + NaCL + H20

34
Q

CH3CH2CH2Cl + CH3CH2CH2NH2&raquo_space;>

A

(CH3CH2CH2)2NH2+Cl-

(CH3CH2CH2)2NH2+Cl- +NaOH&raquo_space;> (CH3CH2CH2)2NH + NaCl + H20

OCR A-Level Chemistry Henry K (35 decks)

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