Chapter 27

Question 1

Terakoya

Answer 1

Schools that taught Confucianism, reading, writing, and other academics to ordinary people.

Question 2

Tokugawa Shogunate

Answer 2

Last feudal Japanese government; by the end of the Bafuku, Japan ended its isolationist policy.

Question 3

Dutch Studies

Answer 3

Translators kept the Dutch works alive after they had been banned. After the Japanese realized that Western medicine was better than Chinese medicine, there were schools of Dutch Studies

Question 4

Nagasaki

Answer 4

The only trading port open with the West

Question 5

Matthew Perry

Answer 5

Opened up trade with Japan after using threats of bombardment to insist that the Americans be allowed to trade.

Question 6

Meiji Restoration

Answer 6

Quickly tried (successfully) to industrialize Japan. Abolished feudalism, and replaced the daimyo with prefects. Imitated many Western policies of government.

Question 7

Zaibatsu

Answer 7

Huge industrial factories as a result of accumulations of capital and far-flung merchant and industrial operations.

Question 8

Diet

Answer 8

The new parliament, modeled after Germany.

Question 9

Sino-Japanese War

Answer 9

Japan won for influence in Korea, and proved its superiority over other Asian powers.

Question 10

Annexation of Korea

Answer 10

Japan annexed Korea in 1910

Question 11

Yellow Peril

Answer 11

The West began to fear the potential power of the Far East.

Question 12

Russo-Japan War

Answer 12

Japan won, so the West began to acknowledge Japan as an industrial power.

Question 13

Holy Alliance

Answer 13

Conservative monarchies combined in defense of religion and the established order.

Question 14

Decemberist uprising

Answer 14

Were not successful, and led the Tsars to be even more conservative.

Question 15

Alexander I

Answer 15

Proposed the Holy Alliance idea.

Question 16

Alexander II

Answer 16

Emancipated the serfs. Also placed many other economic and political reforms.

Question 17

Crimean War

Answer 17

Russia lost the territory right outside its backyard to the West, so they realized that they would have to westernize their military.

Question 18

Zemstvoes

Answer 18

Political councils which helped with regional infrastructure

Question 19

Trans-Siberian railroad

Answer 19

Connected European Russia to the Pacific. Supported Russia’s iron and coal sectors.

Question 20

“Eastern Question”

Answer 20

Russia defeated the Ottomans in a war; Europe did not know what to do with the crumbling Ottoman Empire.

Question 21

Congress of Berlin

Answer 21

Reorganized the order in the Balkans

Question 22

Russification

Answer 22

The assimilation of many cultures into Russian.

Question 23

Sergei Witte’s reforms

Answer 23

Foreign industrial investment from Western nations piled into Russia. Russia gained debt but it also became a major steel producer and grew in petroleum production.

Question 24

Intelligentsia

Answer 24

The Russian intellectual class who were impatient with Russia’s slow development. Frequently became radicals, who sometimes then became anarchists.

Question 25

Kulaks

Answer 25

Russian entrepreneurs who bought more land and increased agricultural production

Question 26

Revolution of 1905 (aka “Bloody

Sunday”)

Answer 26

After Russia’s failed conquest of Manchuria, urban members broke out in revolts.

Question 27

Duma

Answer 27

A national parliament

Question 28

Nicholas II

Answer 28

Because he could not surrender the tradition of autocratic rule, the duma became a hollow institution satisfying nobody.

Question 29

Vladimir Lenin

Answer 29

Made innovations in Marxist theory to make it fit better for Russia. He said Russia should have a proletarian revolution.

Question 30

Bolsheviks

Answer 30

Lenin’s Russian Marxist party, or the majority party, even though they were a minority party in the Russian Marxist movement as a whole.