Chapter 27

Question 1

Imperialism

Answer 1

the domination of a powerful nation over the political, social, and economic affairs of another nation/region. Also called “expansionism”

Question 2

Alfred Mahan

Answer 2

Mahan wrote The Influence of Sea Power on World History
Control of the seas was vital to a nation’s strength
The U.S. should do the following: Acquire a mighty navy, Build a canal across the isthmus of Panama, Acquire refueling stations in the Pacific and Caribbean

Question 3

“Big Sister” Policy

Answer 3

Aimed to rally Latin American nations behind U.S. leadership
Blaine presided over the first Pan-American Conference in 1889

Question 4

Queen Lili’uokalani

Answer 4

Queen Liliuokalani was deposed in 1893 and replaced by Sanford Dole, president of the republic of Hawaii. American troops assisted in the coup d’etat

Question 5

Republic of Hawaii

Answer 5

Sanford Dole became the president and this was the United States early government of Hawaii.

Question 6

Insurrectos in Cuba

Answer 6

Cuban Revolt
The same duty on sugar crippled American-owned sugar plantations in Cuba
A civil war in Cuba prior to U.S. involvement. Insurrectos destroyed everything they could.

Question 7

Reconcentration Camps

Answer 7

The Spanish moved about 300,000 citizens into reconcentration camps, where they could be “guarded” (poor sanitation and disease killed many)

Question 8

The “Yellow Press”

Answer 8

a style of sensationalist journalism that was popular in the late 19th century. It was characterized by exaggerated headlines and stories that were presented as fact.

Question 9

the De Lome Letter

Answer 9

The De Lome Letter: The Spanish minister to the U.S. wrote an insulting letter about President McKinley which was intercepted by the press and published

Question 10

the Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine

Answer 10

The U.S.S. Maine mysteriously blew up while stationed in Havana harbor
260 lives were lost

Question 11

The Teller Amendment

Answer 11

Congress voted for war and adopted the Teller Amendment, which would give Cubans their freedom after Spain was overthrown

Question 12

Emilio Aguinaldo

Answer 12

American troops arrived in August and took Manila with the help of Filipino insurgents led by Emilio Aguinaldo.

Question 13

TR’s Rough Riders

Answer 13

The Rough Riders, organized by Theodore Roosevelt compromised a motley group of men: Cowboys, polo players, and ex-cons

Question 14

Battle of San Juan Hill

Answer 14

At the Battle of San Juan, TR’s Rough Riders made a charge up Kettle Hill while the regulars attacked San Juan Hill, successfully defeating the Spaniards

Question 15

Treaty of Paris 1898

Answer 15

The Treaty of Paris 1898:
Cuba was freed from Spanish control
The Americans received Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines from Spain
The U.S. paid $20 million for the Philippines

Question 16

Anti-Imperialist League

Answer 16

This group arose to fight expansionism. They believed that annexing new regions violated the “consent of the governed” philosophy of the Declaration of Independence
Members included, Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, Samuel Gompers
Andrew Carnegie offered to buy the Philippines for $20 million dollars but the offer was rejected

Question 17

Insular Cases

Answer 17

Insular Cases: The S.C. ruled that the Constitution did not extend with full force to the new lands

Question 18

Foraker Act

Answer 18

The Foraker Act (1900) gave PR citizens limited means of popular government
Puerto rico does not have a vote in Congress but does have a non-voting member of the House called a “Resident Commissioner”

Question 19

The Platt Amendment

Answer 19

Cubans were not allowed to impair their independence by making treaties with other
countries or running up debt.
• Cuba agreed to lease Guantanamo Bay (Gitmo) to the U.S. Navy.
• The Platt Amendment was abolished in 1934.
• Cuba has called on the U.S. to release control of the base.

Question 20

Open Door Note

Answer 20

Secretary of State John Hay’s Open Door note urged the great powers to
announce that they would respect Chinese rights and the ideal of fair
competition in China.
Only Italy accepted, as it had no leasehold in China.
Hay interpreted the Russian refusal as acceptance.

Question 21

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 21

The Chinese fought back against the West in the Boxer Rebellion
(1900). Over 200 whites (many missionaries) were killed.
“Kill Foreign Devils!”

Question 22

McKinley vs Bryan 1900

Answer 22

TR was chosen as McKinley’s running mate (to get him out of the way of
NY political bosses).
TR toured the country for McKinley (who campaigned from home).
Wm. J. Bryan campaigned as an anti-imperialist.
McKinley’s slogan was “A Full Dinner Pail.”
McKinley easily defeated Bryan.

Question 23

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

Answer 23

Britain gave the U.S. the right to
build a canal and fortify it. [Overturned the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty.]

Question 24

Panamanian Revolution

Answer 24

Panamanian revolutionaries and French engineer Philippe Bunau-Varilla
started the Panamanian Revolution of 1903.
Colombian soldiers gathered to crush the rebellion, but U.S. naval forces
would not let them cross the isthmus.

Question 25

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

Answer 25

After the successful revolution, Bunau-Varilla (by then a Panamanian minister) signed the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (similar to previous treaty). The French got $40 million from the U.S. Treasury.

Question 26

Roosevelt Corollary (Big Stick Diplomacy)

Answer 26

Latin American debt defaults to European countries worried TR, who feared that Europeans might intervene in Latin America. The Roosevelt Corollary: TR declared that the U.S. would intervene in the case of financial difficulties in Latin American countries and keep outsiders out of the Western Hemisphere. The Great White Fleet: TR ordered a procession of U.S. battleships (all 16) around the world. “Speak softly and carry a big stick – you will go far.”

Question 27

Russo-Japanese War

Answer 27

TR acted as a sponsor of peace negotiations in the Russo-Japanese War (Portsmouth, NH). He earned a Nobel Peace Prize.

Question 28

"Yellow Peril"

Answer 28

Fear that white Americans would be outnumbered by Asians. The Japanese were barred from citizenship, faced racism, and were segregated in schools.

Question 29

Root-Takahira Agreement

Answer 29

In the Gentleman’s Agreement (1905), Japan agreed to stop the flow of laborers to the U.S. by withholding passports. The U.S. and Japan signed the Root-Takahira Agreement, in which Both countries pledged to respect each other’s possessions in the Pacific.