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Biology 191 > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 chordate types

A

Lancelets, tunicates and vertebrates

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2
Q

Notochord provides

A

Support and replaced Skelton

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3
Q

The nerve cord…

A

Develops into the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

The 3 key features of a chrodates

A

Notochord, nerve cord and post anal tail and pharyngeal gill slips

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5
Q

All vertebrae’s have

A

Clusters of hox genes,
A vertebral column
Cranium
Endoskeleton
Diverse internal organs

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6
Q

Importance of pharyngeal Gil slits

A

Used to take in oxygen

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7
Q

What are the 2 cyclostomes

A

Hagfish and lampreys

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8
Q

Hagfish vs lampreys

A

Hagfish have notochord and lampreys posses a rudimentary vertebral column

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9
Q

Gnathstomes are

A

Animals with jaws and enlarged brain

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10
Q

Chnondrivhthyes examples

A

Sharks, skates and rays q

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11
Q

Chondrichthyes are also known as

A

Cartilaginous fishes

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12
Q

How does water move through sharks ?

A

Through their mouth and across gills

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13
Q

Chondrichthyes teeth are

A

Not set into their jaw

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14
Q

Oviparity

A

Lays eggs

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15
Q

Ovoiparity

A

Eggs retained in female, no placenta

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16
Q

Vivparity

A

Eggs develop in uterus, nourished by placenta

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17
Q

Ostechthyes are

A

Bony fish

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18
Q

Key features of a osteichthyes

A

Protective operculum,
Swim bladder
Bony skeleton

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19
Q

How do most osteichthyes reproduce

A

External fertilization

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20
Q

How do ray finned fish move

A

Muscles through their body they are supported by thin, bonds flexible rays

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20
Q

Actinopterygii are

A

Rey finned fish

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21
Q

Actinopterygii are ____ group

A

Monophyletic

22
Q

Sarcopterygii are supported by skeletal extension

A

Moved by muscles within the fins

23
Q

When lobe fins developed into legs they became

A

Tetrapods and then amphibians

24
Q

Benefits of tetrapod/amphibians

A

Avoidance to predators and new source of food

25
Q

What can be blamed from changes of

A

The hox genes

26
Q

What happened to most amphibians

A

They return to water to reproduce

27
Q

Who can absorb oxygen across the skin

A

Tetrapods

28
Q

3 orders of amphibians

A

Anura, Apoda, urodrela

29
Q

Anura’s are

A

Frogs and toads whose prime legs can be used for jumping or swimming with no tail

30
Q

Apoda’s are

A

Wormlike caecilians that are nearly blind and legless

31
Q

Ureodela’s are

A

Salamanders with legs, long tail and elongated body

32
Q

Amniotic eggs are

A

Evolution of a shelled eggs sheltered the embryo from desiccation on land

33
Q

With an amniotic egg

A

Reproduction was no longer tied to water

34
Q

What protects the embryo

A

Amnion

35
Q

What is the shell imperable to

A

Water

36
Q

Where does gas exchange in the emrbryo And encloses waste

A

Allantois

37
Q

What encloses nutrients

A

Yolk sac

38
Q

Mammals reproduction

A

Viviparous

39
Q

Testudines are

A

Turtles

40
Q

Squatmata characteristic

A

Kinetic skull and joints are mobile

40
Q

Fishes have ___ chamber

A

2

41
Q

Amphibians have ___ chamber and __ loop

A

3 and 2

41
Q

Turtles characteristics

A

Long lived
Lack teeth
Lay eggs on land

42
Q

Birds, cordillera and mammals have ___ chambers

A

4

42
Q

Reptiles have ___ chambers

A

3

42
Q

All aves have

A

Feathers

43
Q

Birds unique features

A

Feathers
Air sacs (9)
Reduction of organs
Lightweight bones

44
Q

Reptiles; Aves;

A

Birds

45
Q

Avian characteristics

A

Excellent vision, warm body temp

46
Q

Mammals emerged from the

A

Mid Triassic period, from aminotes

47
Q

Prototheria

A

Order monotremata and lay eggs

47
Q

Mammals characteristics

A

Mammary glands
Hair
Speciliazed teeth
Englarged skull

48
Q

The 2 mammalian order

A

Prototheria and theria

Biology 191 (8 decks)

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