Chapter 26 Pedi Abdomen

Question 1

Describes the absence of the bile secretion or failure of bile to enter the alimentary tract

Answer 1

acholic

Question 2

Fecalith or calcification located within the appendix

Answer 2

appendicolith

Question 3

Congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening or tubular structure.

Answer 3

atretic

Question 4

Autosomal recessive condition characterized by macroglossia, exophthalmos, and gigantism, often accompanied by visceromegaly and dysplasia of the renal medulla

Answer 4

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

Question 5

Closure or absence of some or all of the major bile ducts

Answer 5

biliary atresia

Question 6

Congenital cystic malformation of the common bile duct

Answer 6

choledochal cyst

Question 7

Excessive development of one side or one half of the body or organ

Answer 7

hemihypertrophy

Question 8

Thickened muscle in the pylorus that prevents food from entering the duodenum

Answer 8

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Question 9

Thickened by absorption, evaporation, or dehydration

Answer 9

inspissated

Question 10

Occurs when bowel prolapses into distal bowel and is propelled in an antegrade fashion

Answer 10

intussusception

Question 11

Malignant hemorrhagic tumor composed principally of cells resembling neuroblasts that give rise to cells of the sympathetic system

Answer 11

neuroblastoma

Question 12

Sign of pyloric stenosis in the neonatal period

Answer 12

projectile vomiting

Question 13

Located between the stomach and duodenum

Answer 13

pyloric canal

Question 14

Photographing the scintillations emitted by radioactive substances injected into the body; this test is used to determine the outline and function of organs and tissues in which the radioactive substance collects or is secreted

Answer 14

scintigraphy

Question 15

Frequently associated with sectional areas of the gastrointestinal tract; the muscle is hyperechoic, and the inner core is hypoechoic

Answer 15

target (donut) sign

Question 16

Rapidly developing tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children

Answer 16

Wilms’ Tumor

Question 17

The right hepatic lobe should not extend more than _____ cm below the costal margin in the young infant.

Answer 17

1

Question 18

The common bile duct should measure less than ____ mm in neonates, less than _______mm in infants up to a year old, less than _____mm in older children, and less than _____mm in adolescents and adults.

Answer 18

1;2;4;7

Question 19

The length of the gallbladder should not exceed the length of the ________.

Answer 19

kidney

Question 20

The three most common causes for jaundice in the neonate are ______, __________, and __________.

Answer 20

hepatitis, biliary atresia, choledochal cyst

Question 21

Identify the clinical features of biliary atresia in the neonate.

Answer 21

Persistent jaundice, acholic stools, dark urine, distended abdomen from hepatomegaly

Question 22

An abnormal cystic dilation of the biliary tree that most frequently affects the common bile duct is a(n) _____________.

Answer 22

choledochal cyst

Question 23

When a choledochal cyst is present, there is usually ______________ of the common bile duct with associated ____________ ductal dilation.

Answer 23

fusiform dilation, intrahepatic

Question 24

The most common benign vascular liver tumor of early childhood is infantile hepatic _______________.

Answer 24

hemangioendthelioma

Question 25

The most common sonographic appearance of hemangioendthelioma is that of multiple _____________ lesions and _____________.

Answer 25

hypoechoic; hepatomegaly

Question 26

The most common primary malignant disease of the liver is ___________ and occurs most frequently in children under 5 years of age.

Answer 26

hepatoblastoma

Question 27

The ____________ is located between the stomach and duodenum.

Answer 27

pyloric canal

Question 28

_____________________ occurs most commonly in male infants between 2 and 6 weeks of age.

Answer 28

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Question 29

As the pyloric muscle thickens and elongates, the stomach outlet obstruction increases, and vomiting is more constant and _____________.

Answer 29

projectile

Question 30

A muscle thickness of ______mm or greater on the long axis view, a channel length of ______mm or greater, and pyloric muscle length of ______mm or greater are reliable indicators of HPS.

Answer 30

3.5, 17, 20

Question 31

In infants and young children, the progression of acute appendicitis to ____________ is more rapid than in older children.

Answer 31

perforation

Question 32

With ultrasound the acutely inflamed appendix is _______________.

Answer 32

noncompressible

Question 33

_____________ produced by overlying transducer pressure is an additional finding consistent with appendicitis.

Answer 33

Localized pain

Question 34

The most common acute abdominal disorder in early childhood is _____________.

Answer 34

intussusception

Question 35

The presence of alternating hypoechoic and hyperechoic rings surrounding an echogenic cener as seen in a short-axis view of the involved area is known as the ____________ sign.

Answer 35

target or donut

Question 36

Intussusception may be reduced with _________ pressure or by air reduction.

Answer 36

hydrostatic