Chapter 26- Bacteria and Archaea Flashcards
What is the Three-Domain hypothesis?
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Bacteria & Archaea are
Prokaryotic- (no nucleus).
What is the Two-Domain Hypothesis?
Bacteria & Archaea
In the Two-Domain Hypothesis, eukaryota is a descendant of archaea?
Yes, in this hypothesis Archaea would consist of other archaea, crenarchaeota(eocytes), eukaryota.
How many types of RNA polymerase are in bacteria?
One type but consists of 5 subunits
How many types of RNA polymerase are in archaea?
One type but consists of 13 subunits
Does bacteria or archaea have RNA polymerase similar to the RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes?
Archaea
Is peptidoglycan in cell wall present or absent in bacteria?
Present
Is peptidoglycan in cell wall present or absent in archaea?
Absent
First amino acid incorporated during translation in bacteria is formylmethionine or methionine?
Formylmethionine
First amino acid incorporated during translation in archaea is formylmethionine or methionine?
Methionine
Bacteria- histones associated with DNA?
No
Archaea- histones associated with DNA?
yes
The characteristic of archaea are similar to?
Eukaryotes
Archaea ribosomes are also similar to
eukaryotic ribosomes
Determine if the statement is true or false: Some Archaea are extremophiles.
True
Water with high concentrations of salt stained red is cause by
Halophilic archaeans
Thermophilic Archaea are responsible for the
Yellow color of the “yellowstones” in Yellowstone National Park
Determine if the statement is true or false: Thermophilic Archaea are extremophiles.
True
Determine if the statement is true or false: Almost all bacteria are beneficial. Only a small fraction cause disease.
True
Koch’s experiment led to the
Germ theory
Koch’s Postulates
- Microbe present in diseased individuals & absent in healthy individuals
- Microbe must be isolated & grown in pure culture (in vitro)
- Injection of microbes from this culture into healthy study animals must result in disease
- Microbes must be isolated from the diseased experimental animal and be demonstrated to be the same microbial organism
Determine if the statement is true or false: Bacteria often does not have unique defenses.
False, bacteria often have unique defenses.
What is antibiotic resistant and can remain dormant for years?
Endospores
Biofilms are colonies of bacteria enmeshed in a
matrix of polysaccharides
What is the purpose of the matrix of polysaccharides?
To shield the colony from antibiotics
The germ theory of disease states that infectious diseases are caused by specific
microbes in the body-such as bacteria, archaea, and viruses.
Using microbes to clean up sites polluted with organic solvent is called
Bioremediation
Spraying fertilizer on an oil spill is an example of
Bioremediation
Which two sets of microbes can aid in cleaning up pollution?
Bacteria and Archaea
What increases the increases the growth of petroleum-consuming bacteria?
Fertilizer
Determine if the statement is true or false: We are unfamiliar with most species of bacteria because
we don’t know how to grow them.
True
Metagenomic analysis is also known as
direct sequencing
The Human Body Is Home to
Diverse Microbiomes
Bacteria Reproduce through Binary fission because
there is only one chromosome, so mitosis is unnecessary
Prokaryotes Can Acquire New DNA via
Transformation or Transduction
What is a plasmid?
Plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule that replicates independently
Conjugation can be both
intraspecific and interspecific
Morphological Diversity among Bacteria Is Extensive because
Size varies, Shape varies, Motility varies
The smallest bacteria is
Mycoplasma mycoides
The largest bacteria is
Thiomargarita namibiensis
Gram Staining Distinguishes Two Types of Cell Walls in Bacteria.
Gram- positive and gram-negative
Gram-positive cell wall has ….. staining
intense
Gram-negative cell wall has…… staining
little
Gram stain stains the ………… in the cell wall.
peptidoglycan
Cellular Respiration Is Based on the
Electron Transport Chains.
In cellular respiration, glucose is the ……..
electron donor
In cellular respiration, oxygen is the ……..
final electron acceptor
Bacteria are good at remediation because of the
diversity of electron donors and acceptors
Cyanobacteria Were the First Organisms to Perform
Oxygenic Photosynthesis 2.3 BYA
Some sulfur bacteria use …… instead of H2O in their photosynthesis because …………allowed the switch to H2O for oxygenic photosynthesis to evolve, and since H2O is so much more abundant than H2S, oxygenic dominates
H2S
a mutation
what informs our gut flora about what’s to come?
Lateral gene transfer and our gut flora
