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Biology- Bacteria and Archaea > Chapter 26- Bacteria and Archaea > Flashcards

Chapter 26- Bacteria and Archaea Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the Three-Domain hypothesis?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

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2
Q

Bacteria & Archaea are

A

Prokaryotic- (no nucleus).

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3
Q

What is the Two-Domain Hypothesis?

A

Bacteria & Archaea

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4
Q

In the Two-Domain Hypothesis, eukaryota is a descendant of archaea?

A

Yes, in this hypothesis Archaea would consist of other archaea, crenarchaeota(eocytes), eukaryota.

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5
Q

How many types of RNA polymerase are in bacteria?

A

One type but consists of 5 subunits

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6
Q

How many types of RNA polymerase are in archaea?

A

One type but consists of 13 subunits

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7
Q

Does bacteria or archaea have RNA polymerase similar to the RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes?

A

Archaea

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8
Q

Is peptidoglycan in cell wall present or absent in bacteria?

A

Present

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9
Q

Is peptidoglycan in cell wall present or absent in archaea?

A

Absent

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10
Q

First amino acid incorporated during translation in bacteria is formylmethionine or methionine?

A

Formylmethionine

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11
Q

First amino acid incorporated during translation in archaea is formylmethionine or methionine?

A

Methionine

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12
Q

Bacteria- histones associated with DNA?

A

No

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13
Q

Archaea- histones associated with DNA?

A

yes

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14
Q

The characteristic of archaea are similar to?

A

Eukaryotes

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15
Q

Archaea ribosomes are also similar to

A

eukaryotic ribosomes

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16
Q

Determine if the statement is true or false: Some Archaea are extremophiles.

A

True

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17
Q

Water with high concentrations of salt stained red is cause by

A

Halophilic archaeans

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18
Q

Thermophilic Archaea are responsible for the

A

Yellow color of the “yellowstones” in Yellowstone National Park

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19
Q

Determine if the statement is true or false: Thermophilic Archaea are extremophiles.

A

True

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20
Q

Determine if the statement is true or false: Almost all bacteria are beneficial. Only a small fraction cause disease.

A

True

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21
Q

Koch’s experiment led to the

A

Germ theory

22
Q

Koch’s Postulates

A
  1. Microbe present in diseased individuals & absent in healthy individuals
  2. Microbe must be isolated & grown in pure culture (in vitro)
  3. Injection of microbes from this culture into healthy study animals must result in disease
  4. Microbes must be isolated from the diseased experimental animal and be demonstrated to be the same microbial organism
23
Q

Determine if the statement is true or false: Bacteria often does not have unique defenses.

A

False, bacteria often have unique defenses.

24
Q

What is antibiotic resistant and can remain dormant for years?

A

Endospores

25
Q

Biofilms are colonies of bacteria enmeshed in a

A

matrix of polysaccharides

26
Q

What is the purpose of the matrix of polysaccharides?

A

To shield the colony from antibiotics

27
Q

The germ theory of disease states that infectious diseases are caused by specific

A

microbes in the body-such as bacteria, archaea, and viruses.

28
Q

Using microbes to clean up sites polluted with organic solvent is called

A

Bioremediation

29
Q

Spraying fertilizer on an oil spill is an example of

A

Bioremediation

30
Q

Which two sets of microbes can aid in cleaning up pollution?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

31
Q

What increases the increases the growth of petroleum-consuming bacteria?

A

Fertilizer

32
Q

Determine if the statement is true or false: We are unfamiliar with most species of bacteria because
we don’t know how to grow them.

A

True

33
Q

Metagenomic analysis is also known as

A

direct sequencing

34
Q

The Human Body Is Home to

A

Diverse Microbiomes

35
Q

Bacteria Reproduce through Binary fission because

A

there is only one chromosome, so mitosis is unnecessary

36
Q

Prokaryotes Can Acquire New DNA via

A

Transformation or Transduction

37
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

Plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule that replicates independently

38
Q

Conjugation can be both

A

intraspecific and interspecific

39
Q

Morphological Diversity among Bacteria Is Extensive because

A

Size varies, Shape varies, Motility varies

40
Q

The smallest bacteria is

A

Mycoplasma mycoides

41
Q

The largest bacteria is

A

Thiomargarita namibiensis

42
Q

Gram Staining Distinguishes Two Types of Cell Walls in Bacteria.

A

Gram- positive and gram-negative

43
Q

Gram-positive cell wall has ….. staining

A

intense

44
Q

Gram-negative cell wall has…… staining

A

little

45
Q

Gram stain stains the ………… in the cell wall.

A

peptidoglycan

46
Q

Cellular Respiration Is Based on the

A

Electron Transport Chains.

47
Q

In cellular respiration, glucose is the ……..

A

electron donor

48
Q

In cellular respiration, oxygen is the ……..

A

final electron acceptor

49
Q

Bacteria are good at remediation because of the

A

diversity of electron donors and acceptors

50
Q

Cyanobacteria Were the First Organisms to Perform

A

Oxygenic Photosynthesis 2.3 BYA

51
Q

Some sulfur bacteria use …… instead of H2O in their photosynthesis because …………allowed the switch to H2O for oxygenic photosynthesis to evolve, and since H2O is so much more abundant than H2S, oxygenic dominates

A

H2S

a mutation

52
Q

what informs our gut flora about what’s to come?

A

Lateral gene transfer and our gut flora

Biology- Bacteria and Archaea (1 decks)

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