Chapter 26- Bacteria and Archaea

Question 1

What is the Three-Domain hypothesis?

Answer 1

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 2

Bacteria & Archaea are

Answer 2

Prokaryotic- (no nucleus).

Question 3

What is the Two-Domain Hypothesis?

Answer 3

Bacteria & Archaea

Question 4

In the Two-Domain Hypothesis, eukaryota is a descendant of archaea?

Answer 4

Yes, in this hypothesis Archaea would consist of other archaea, crenarchaeota(eocytes), eukaryota.

Question 5

How many types of RNA polymerase are in bacteria?

Answer 5

One type but consists of 5 subunits

Question 6

How many types of RNA polymerase are in archaea?

Answer 6

One type but consists of 13 subunits

Question 7

Does bacteria or archaea have RNA polymerase similar to the RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes?

Answer 7

Archaea

Question 8

Is peptidoglycan in cell wall present or absent in bacteria?

Answer 8

Present

Question 9

Is peptidoglycan in cell wall present or absent in archaea?

Answer 9

Absent

Question 10

First amino acid incorporated during translation in bacteria is formylmethionine or methionine?

Answer 10

Formylmethionine

Question 11

First amino acid incorporated during translation in archaea is formylmethionine or methionine?

Answer 11

Methionine

Question 12

Bacteria- histones associated with DNA?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Archaea- histones associated with DNA?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

The characteristic of archaea are similar to?

Answer 14

Eukaryotes

Question 15

Archaea ribosomes are also similar to

Answer 15

eukaryotic ribosomes

Question 16

Determine if the statement is true or false: Some Archaea are extremophiles.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Water with high concentrations of salt stained red is cause by

Answer 17

Halophilic archaeans

Question 18

Thermophilic Archaea are responsible for the

Answer 18

Yellow color of the “yellowstones” in Yellowstone National Park

Question 19

Determine if the statement is true or false: Thermophilic Archaea are extremophiles.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Determine if the statement is true or false: Almost all bacteria are beneficial. Only a small fraction cause disease.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Koch’s experiment led to the

Answer 21

Germ theory

Question 22

Koch’s Postulates

Answer 22

1. Microbe present in diseased individuals & absent in healthy individuals
2. Microbe must be isolated & grown in pure culture (in vitro)
3. Injection of microbes from this culture into healthy study animals must result in disease
4. Microbes must be isolated from the diseased experimental animal and be demonstrated to be the same microbial organism

Question 23

Determine if the statement is true or false: Bacteria often does not have unique defenses.

Answer 23

False, bacteria often have unique defenses.

Question 24

What is antibiotic resistant and can remain dormant for years?

Answer 24

Endospores

Question 25

Biofilms are colonies of bacteria enmeshed in a

Answer 25

matrix of polysaccharides

Question 26

What is the purpose of the matrix of polysaccharides?

Answer 26

To shield the colony from antibiotics

Question 27

The germ theory of disease states that infectious diseases are caused by specific

Answer 27

microbes in the body-such as bacteria, archaea, and viruses.

Question 28

Using microbes to clean up sites polluted with organic solvent is called

Answer 28

Bioremediation

Question 29

Spraying fertilizer on an oil spill is an example of

Answer 29

Bioremediation

Question 30

Which two sets of microbes can aid in cleaning up pollution?

Answer 30

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 31

What increases the increases the growth of petroleum-consuming bacteria?

Answer 31

Fertilizer

Question 32

Determine if the statement is true or false: We are unfamiliar with most species of bacteria because we don’t know how to grow them.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Metagenomic analysis is also known as

Answer 33

direct sequencing

Question 34

The Human Body Is Home to

Answer 34

Diverse Microbiomes

Question 35

Bacteria Reproduce through Binary fission because

Answer 35

there is only one chromosome, so mitosis is unnecessary

Question 36

Prokaryotes Can Acquire New DNA via

Answer 36

Transformation or Transduction

Question 37

What is a plasmid?

Answer 37

Plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule that replicates independently

Question 38

Conjugation can be both

Answer 38

intraspecific and interspecific

Question 39

Morphological Diversity among Bacteria Is Extensive because

Answer 39

Size varies, Shape varies, Motility varies

Question 40

The smallest bacteria is

Answer 40

Mycoplasma mycoides

Question 41

The largest bacteria is

Answer 41

Thiomargarita namibiensis

Question 42

Gram Staining Distinguishes Two Types of Cell Walls in Bacteria.

Answer 42

Gram- positive and gram-negative

Question 43

Gram-positive cell wall has ..... staining

Answer 43

intense

Question 44

Gram-negative cell wall has...... staining

Answer 44

little

Question 45

Gram stain stains the ............ in the cell wall.

Answer 45

peptidoglycan

Question 46

Cellular Respiration Is Based on the

Answer 46

Electron Transport Chains.

Question 47

In cellular respiration, glucose is the ........

Answer 47

electron donor

Question 48

In cellular respiration, oxygen is the ........

Answer 48

final electron acceptor

Question 49

Bacteria are good at remediation because of the

Answer 49

diversity of electron donors and acceptors

Question 50

Cyanobacteria Were the First Organisms to Perform

Answer 50

Oxygenic Photosynthesis 2.3 BYA

Question 51

Some sulfur bacteria use ...... instead of H2O in their photosynthesis because ............allowed the switch to H2O for oxygenic photosynthesis to evolve, and since H2O is so much more abundant than H2S, oxygenic dominates

Answer 51

H2S | a mutation

Question 52

what informs our gut flora about what’s to come?

Answer 52

Lateral gene transfer and our gut flora