Chapter 26* Flashcards
Osteoarthritis is a slowly progressive destruction of the articular ______ that is manifested in the weight bearing joints and fingers of ______ persons or in the joints of younger persons subjected to ______.
Osteoarthritis is the single most common form of joint disease. The disorder is not a single nosologic entity, but rather a group of conditions that have in common the mechanical destruction of a joint.
______ (bone spurs) are a complication of osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis is a slowly progressive destruction of the articular cartilage that is manifested in the weight bearing joints and fingers of older persons or in the joints of younger persons subjected to trauma.
Osteoarthritis is the single most common form of joint disease. The disorder is not a single nosologic entity, but rather a group of conditions that have in common the mechanical destruction of a joint.
Osteophytes (bone spurs) are a complication of osteoarthritis.
Inflammation of ______ with ______ formation occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic, chronic inflammatory disease in which chronic polyarthritis involves diarthroidal joints symmetrically and bilaterally. ______ lining cells undergo hyperplasia. The result is a ______ lining thrown into numerous villi and drond-like folds that fill the peripheral recesses of the joint.
As the ______ undergoes hyperplasia and hypertrophy, it creeps over the surface of the articular cartiladge and adjacent structures. This inflammatory synovium is termed ______ or cloak.
The ______ covers the articular cartilage and isolates it from the synovial fluid. ______ may destroy cartilage by depriving it of nourishment.
Inflammation of synovium with pannus formation occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic, chronic inflammatory disease in which chronic polyarthritis involves diarthroidal joints symmetrically and bilaterally. Synovial lining cells undergo hyperplasia. The result is a synovial lining thrown into numerous villi and drond-like folds that fill the peripheral recesses of the joint.
As the synovium undergoes hyperplasia and hypertrophy, it creeps over the surface of the articular cartiladge and adjacent structures. This inflammatory synovium is termed pannus or cloak.
The pannus covers the articular cartilage and isolates it from the synovial fluid. Pannus may destroy cartilage by depriving it of nourishment.
In rheumatoid arthritis lymphocytes and plasma cells accumulate in the ______, where they produce immunoglobulins, mainly of the IgG class. 80% of patients with RA are positive for rheumatoid factor.
Rheumatoid factor represents ______ antibodies, primarily IgM, but sometimes IgG or IgA, directed against the ______ fragment of IgG. Significant titers of RF are also found in patients with related collagen vascular diseases like lupus, scleroderma, and dermatomyositis. The presence of RF in high titer is associated with severe an unremitting disease, many systemic complications, and a serious prognosis.
A rheumatoid nodule is a local swelling or tissue lump, usually rather firm to touch, like an unripe fruit, which occurs almost exclusively in association with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid nodules are found in extra-articular locations.
In rheumatoid arthritis lymphocytes and plasma cells accumulate in the synovium, where they produce immunoglobulins, mainly of the IgG class. 80% of patients with RA are positive for rheumatoid factor.
Rheumatoid factor represents multiple antibodies, primarily IgM, but sometimes IgG or IgA, directed against the Fc fragment of IgG. Significant titers of RF are also found in patients with related collagen vascular diseases like lupus, scleroderma, and dermatomyositis. The presence of RF in high titer is associated with severe an unremitting disease, many systemic complications, and a serious prognosis.
A rheumatoid nodule is a local swelling or tissue lump, usually rather firm to touch, like an unripe fruit, which occurs almost exclusively in association with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid nodules are found in extra-articular locations.
Gout is a heterogeneous group of diseases in which the common denominator is an increased serum ______ acid level and deposition of urate ______ in the joints and kidneys. It occurs mostly in adult ______.
A ______ is an extracellular soft tissue deposit of urate crystals surrounded by foreign-body giant cells and mononuclear cells (macrophages). These granuloma-like areas are found in cartilage, in any of the soft tissues around joints, and even in the subchondral bone marrow adjacent to joints.
Most cases (85%) of idiopathic gout result from an unexplained impairment of uric acid ______ by the kidneys. When sodium urate crystals precipitate from supersaturated body fluids, they absorb fibronectin, complement, and a number of other proteins on their surfaces.
Neutrophils that have ingested urate crystals release activated oxygen species and lysosomal enzymes, which mediate tissue injury and promote ______.
A high dietary intake of purine-rich foods does ______ lead to gout, althrough endogenous overproduction of purines is associated with this condition.
Gout is a heterogeneous group of diseases in which the common denominator is an increased serum uric acid level and deposition of urate crystals in the joints and kidneys. It occurs mostly in adult men.
A tophus is an extracellular soft tissue deposit of urate crystals surrounded by foreign-body giant cells and mononuclear cells (macrophages). These granuloma-like areas are found in cartilage, in any of the soft tissues around joints, and even in the subchondral bone marrow adjacent to joints.
Most cases (85%) of idiopathic gout result from an unexplained impairment of uric acid excretion by the kidneys. When sodium urate crystals precipitate from supersaturated body fluids, they absorb fibronectin, complement, and a number of other proteins on their surfaces.
Neutrophils that have ingested urate crystals release activated oxygen species and lysosomal enzymes, which mediate tissue injury and promote inflammation.
A high dietary intake of purine-rich foods does NOT lead to gout, althrough endogenous overproduction of purines is associated with this condition.
Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory disease that can cause some of the vertebrae in your spine to ______ together. This ______ makes the spine less flexible and can result in a hunched-forward posture. If ribs are affected, it may be difficult to breathe deeply.
Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory arthropathy of the vertebral ______ and ______ iliac joints. It may be accompanied by asymmetric, peripheral arthritis and systemic manifestations.
Ankylosing spondylitis is most common in young men, and the peak incidence is at 20 years of age.
More than 90% of patients are positive for HLA-B ______.
Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory disease that can cause some of the vertebrae in your spine to fuse together. This fusing makes the spine less flexible and can result in a hunched-forward posture. If ribs are affected, it may be difficult to breathe deeply.
Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory arthropathy of the vertebral column and sacroiliac joints. It may be accompanied by asymmetric, peripheral arthritis and systemic manifestations.
Ankylosing spondylitis is most common in young men, and the peak incidence is at 20 years of age.
More than 90% of patients are positive for HLA-B27.
______ syndrome is a triad that includes seronegative polyarthritis, conjunctivitis, and nonspecific urethritis.
The disorder is almost exclusivley found in men and usually follows ______ exposure or an episode of bacillary dysentery.
Reiter syndrome us associated with HLA-B ______ like in ankylosing spondylitis. In fact, after an attack of dysentery (bloody diarrhea), 20% of HLA-B27-positive men develop ______ syndrome.
Reiter syndrome is a triad that includes seronegative polyarthritis, conjunctivitis, and nonspecific urethritis.
The disorder is almost exclusivley found in men and usually follows venereal exposure or an episode of bacillary dysentery.
Reiter syndrome us associated with HLA-B27 like in ankylosing spondylitis. In fact, after an attack of dysentery (bloody diarrhea), 20% of HLA-B27-positive men develop Reiter syndrome.
mnemonic: cant see, pee, or climb a tree
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate CPPD-deposition disease refers to the accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in synovial membranes (______ gout), joint cartilage (chondrocalcinosis), ligaments, and tendons. CPPD-deposition disease is principally a condition of old age.
______ gout refers to self-limited attacks of acute arthritis lasting from 1 day to 4 weeks and involving one or two joints. 25% of patients with CPPD-deposition have an acute onset of gout-like symptoms, manifesting as inflammation and swelling of the knees, ankles, wrists, elbows, hips, or shoulders. The synovial fluid exhibits abundant ______ containing CPPD crystals.
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate CPPD-deposition disease refers to the accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in synovial membranes (pseudogout), joint cartilage (chondrocalcinosis), ligaments, and tendons. CPPD-deposition disease is principally a condition of old age.
Pseudogout refers to self-limited attacks of acute arthritis lasting from 1 day to 4 weeks and involving one or two joints. 25% of patients with CPPD-deposition have an acute onset of gout-like symptoms, manifesting as inflammation and swelling of the knees, ankles, wrists, elbows, hips, or shoulders. The synovial fluid exhibits abundant leukocytes containing CPPD crystals.
Juvenile ______ or Still disease refers to a number of different chronic arthritic conditions in children. 20% of children with polyarticular juvenile ______ have prominent systemic symptoms that include fever, rash, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, pleuritis, and anemia.
Many children with juvenile ______ develop rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and othe rconnective tissue diseases.
Juvenile arthritis or Still disease refers to a number of different chronic arthritic conditions in children. 20% of children with polyarticular juvenile arthritis have prominent systemic symptoms that include fever, rash, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, pleuritis, and anemia.
Many children with juvenile arthritis develop rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and othe rconnective tissue diseases.
Question 14: picture; what is the diagnosis?
Question 14: picture; what is the diagnosis? Rheumatoid arthritis
Question 17: picture; what is the diagnosis?
Question 17: picture; what is the diagnosis? Gout; a typhus is shown in the photo
