Chapter 26-27 Key Concepts

Question 1

What are the characteristics of members of the animal kingdom?

Answer 1

Animals, members of the kingdom animalia are multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls

Question 2

Describe the seven essential functions performed by all animals

Answer 2

Animals carry out the following essential functions; feeding, respiration, circulation, excretion, response, movement, and reproduction

Question 3

In what ways are complex animals different from simple animals

Answer 3

Complec animals tend to have high levels of cell specialization and internal body organization, bilateral body symmetry, a front end or head with sense organs, and a body cavity

Question 4

What features do sponges share with other animals?

Answer 4

Sponges are classified as animals because they are multicellular, heterotrophic, have no cell walls and contain a few specialized cells

Question 5

How do sponges use water to carry out essential functions?

Answer 5

The movement of water through the sponge provides a simple mechanism for feeding, respiration, circulation and excretion

Question 6

Describe all three characteristics that all cnidarians share

Answer 6

Cnidarians are soft bodied, carnivorous animals that have stinging tentacles arranged in circles around their mouths. They are the simplest animals to have body symmetry and specialized tissues

Question 7

How do the two body plans of cnidarians differ?

Answer 7

Cnidarians typically have a life cycle that includes two different looking stages: a polyp and a medusa

Question 8

Describe three groups of cnidarians and give an example of each

Answer 8

Cnidarians include jellyfish, hydras and their relatives, and sea anemones and corals

Question 9

What is a flatworm?

Answer 9

Flatworms are soft, flattened worms that have tissues ans internal organ systems. They are the simplest animals to have three embryonic germ layers, bilateral symmetry and cephalization

Question 10

List the three groups of flat worms

Answer 10

Tapeworms, flukes and turbellarians

Question 11

What are turbellarians?

Answer 11

Free living flatworms most live in marine or fresh water

Question 12

What are flukes?

Answer 12

Flukes are parasitic flat worms most flukes infect the internal organs of their host

Question 13

What are tapeworms

Answer 13

Long, flat, parasitic worms that are adapted to life inside the intestines of their hosts

Question 14

What is a roundworm?

Answer 14

Roundworms are unsegmented worms that have pseudocoeloms and digestive systems with two openings, a mouth and an anus

Question 15

What are the parasitic roundworms?

Answer 15

Parasitic roundworms include trichinosis-causing worms, filarial worms, Ascarid worms, and hookworms

Question 16

What features distinguish annelids from roundworms

Answer 16

Annelids are worms with segmented bodies. They have a true coelom that is lined with tissue derived from mesoderm

Question 17

What are oligochaetes?

Answer 17

Oligochaetes are annelids that typically have stream lined bodies and relatively few setae compared to polychaetes. Most oligochaetes live in soil or fresh water

Question 18

What are leeches?

Answer 18

Leeches are typically external parasites that suck the blood and body fluids of their host

Question 19

What are polychaetes?

Answer 19

Polychaetes are marine annelids that have paired, paddlelike appendages tipped with setae

Question 20

What is a mollusk?

Answer 20

Mollusks are soft bodied animals that usually have an internal or external shell.

Question 21

List and describe the four parts of the mollusk body plan

Answer 21

The body plan of most mollusks has four parts: foot, mantle, shell, and visceral mass

Question 22

What are gastropods?

Answer 22

Gastropods are shell less or single shelled mollusks that move by using a muscular foot located on the ventral side

Question 23

What are bivalves?

Answer 23

Members of the class bivalvia have two shells that are held together by one or two powerfull muscles

Question 24

What are cephalopods?

Answer 24

Cephalopods are typically soft bodied mollusks in which the head is attached to a single foot. The foot is divided into tentacles or arms