Chapter 26-27 Key Concepts Flashcards
What are the characteristics of members of the animal kingdom?
Animals, members of the kingdom animalia are multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls
Describe the seven essential functions performed by all animals
Animals carry out the following essential functions; feeding, respiration, circulation, excretion, response, movement, and reproduction
In what ways are complex animals different from simple animals
Complec animals tend to have high levels of cell specialization and internal body organization, bilateral body symmetry, a front end or head with sense organs, and a body cavity
What features do sponges share with other animals?
Sponges are classified as animals because they are multicellular, heterotrophic, have no cell walls and contain a few specialized cells
How do sponges use water to carry out essential functions?
The movement of water through the sponge provides a simple mechanism for feeding, respiration, circulation and excretion
Describe all three characteristics that all cnidarians share
Cnidarians are soft bodied, carnivorous animals that have stinging tentacles arranged in circles around their mouths. They are the simplest animals to have body symmetry and specialized tissues
How do the two body plans of cnidarians differ?
Cnidarians typically have a life cycle that includes two different looking stages: a polyp and a medusa
Describe three groups of cnidarians and give an example of each
Cnidarians include jellyfish, hydras and their relatives, and sea anemones and corals
What is a flatworm?
Flatworms are soft, flattened worms that have tissues ans internal organ systems. They are the simplest animals to have three embryonic germ layers, bilateral symmetry and cephalization
List the three groups of flat worms
Tapeworms, flukes and turbellarians
What are turbellarians?
Free living flatworms most live in marine or fresh water
What are flukes?
Flukes are parasitic flat worms most flukes infect the internal organs of their host
What are tapeworms
Long, flat, parasitic worms that are adapted to life inside the intestines of their hosts
What is a roundworm?
Roundworms are unsegmented worms that have pseudocoeloms and digestive systems with two openings, a mouth and an anus
What are the parasitic roundworms?
Parasitic roundworms include trichinosis-causing worms, filarial worms, Ascarid worms, and hookworms
What features distinguish annelids from roundworms
Annelids are worms with segmented bodies. They have a true coelom that is lined with tissue derived from mesoderm
What are oligochaetes?
Oligochaetes are annelids that typically have stream lined bodies and relatively few setae compared to polychaetes. Most oligochaetes live in soil or fresh water
What are leeches?
Leeches are typically external parasites that suck the blood and body fluids of their host
What are polychaetes?
Polychaetes are marine annelids that have paired, paddlelike appendages tipped with setae
What is a mollusk?
Mollusks are soft bodied animals that usually have an internal or external shell.
List and describe the four parts of the mollusk body plan
The body plan of most mollusks has four parts: foot, mantle, shell, and visceral mass
What are gastropods?
Gastropods are shell less or single shelled mollusks that move by using a muscular foot located on the ventral side
What are bivalves?
Members of the class bivalvia have two shells that are held together by one or two powerfull muscles
What are cephalopods?
Cephalopods are typically soft bodied mollusks in which the head is attached to a single foot. The foot is divided into tentacles or arms
