Chapter 26.

Question 1

How do sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons work together together?
Give an example of how each would be used in a mammal.

Answer 1

When an animal responds to a stimulus, body systems, including the nervous system work together to generate a response.

Sensory neurons detect stimuli. Interneurons help process the stimuli.

Motor neurons act to move muscles.

A muscular movement is often the body’s response to a stimulus.

Question 2

Describe the nervous system of a flatworm. What structures make up the system of a flatworm and what are their functions?

Answer 2

A flatworm has ganglia located in their heads.

Ganglia are interneurons that are grouped together into a small structure.

The interneurons connect with one another to generate a response to a stimulus.

Question 3

All mammals can hear and have ears in different capacities. What is one similar aspect of hearing and ears that all mammals share?

Answer 3

All mammals have the ability to hear sounds which are translated into signals that the brain can process through neurons and interneurons.

Question 4

What are stimuli?

Answer 4

Stimuli (stimulus) are information in the environment that causes an organism to respond or react. Chemicals in the air or water can serve as stimuli. Light, heat, and sounds can also stimulate the nervous system.

Question 5

What is an exoskeleton?

Answer 5

an eternal skeleton

Question 6

How do the muscles in your leg work to extend and contract your knee?

Answer 6

tendons pull on the bone as the muscle contracts. When a joint is bending, one muscle group relaxes as the other contracts. vise versa

Question 7

How does an exoskeleton protect the mammal?

Answer 7

it provides a physical shield from predators

Question 8

How do stimuli cause a reaction in an animal?

Answer 8

Chemicals in the air or water can serve as stimuli. Light, heat, and sounds can also stimulate the nervous system.

Animal’s ability to detect stimuli depends on their sensory neurons. Each type of sensory neuron responds to a particular stimulus.

Question 9

What are the advantages of having an endoskeleton versus an exoskeleton?

Answer 9

Exoskeletons are lighter, less protection
Endoskeletons offer more protection, have to break out of mold when they grow

Question 10

What is an endotherm?

Answer 10

an animal that regulates body temp with heat it generates

Question 11

How are endotherms able to maintain their body temperature?

Answer 11

they generate their own heat

Question 12

What is an ectotherm?

Answer 12

an animal that relies on other sources for body heat

low metabolic rates

Question 13

In which ecosystem would ectotherms most likely thrive?

Answer 13

somewhere with a lot of sunlight

Question 14

What are the components of our nervous system?

Answer 14

Neurons

Sensory neurons

Interneurons

Motor neurons

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Medulla Oblongata

Question 15

Why is homeostasis important?

Answer 15

homeostasis is vital to survival, the health of an animal

if the ecosystem has one area out of balance, it could fail

Question 16

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 16

movement and balance,
contains medulla oblongata

Question 17

How does an energy pyramid show the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

Answer 17

as each level eats each other (bottom up) the energy generally decreases yet flows to each level

Question 18

What are the levels of an energy pyramid and what does each do?

Answer 18

Producers are the plants which produce their own food through photosynthesis.

Primary consumers rely on energy from the producers. They primarily use the producers as their source of food.

Secondary consumers rely on energy from the primary consumers, which is from the producers. They rely on the primary consumers as a source of food.

Tertiary consumers rely on energy from the secondary consumers, primary consumers, and producers. They are the top of the pyramid and rely on secondary consumers as a source of food.

Question 19

How is homeostasis disrupted if a level of an energy pyramid is eliminated?

Answer 19

the pyramid could collapse, which means the ecosystem could fail. Since all parts depend on one another, a seamless flow of energy is needed to sustain all aspects of the pyramid.

Question 20

What are sensory neurons?

Answer 20

nerve cells that receive and transmit info from body to brain

respond to stimuli and pass on information to other sensory or motor neurons.

Question 21

what are interneurons?

Answer 21

neurons that pass info between two other neurons.

help an animal determine how to respond

Question 22

what are motor neurons?

Answer 22

nerve cells that carry “directions” from interneurons to muscles

Question 23

what is homeostasis?

Answer 23

the control of internal conditions

vital for survival

Question 24

what are the diease-causing microorganisms called?

Answer 24

pathogens

Question 25

what does the cerebrum do?

Answer 25

thinking, interpretes and and determines response to sensory information, conscious thought, memory, learning

Question 26

what is a spinal cord?

Answer 26

a thick collection of nerves

Question 27

what are ganglia?

Answer 27

Ganglia are interneurons that are grouped together into a small structure.

Question 28

what are neurons?

Answer 28

nerve cells. Connect to one another to pass information from one cell to the next.

Question 29

what is the medulla oblongata

Answer 29

controls the functions of internal organs