Chapter 26. Flashcards
How do sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons work together together?
Give an example of how each would be used in a mammal.
When an animal responds to a stimulus, body systems, including the nervous system work together to generate a response.
Sensory neurons detect stimuli. Interneurons help process the stimuli.
Motor neurons act to move muscles.
A muscular movement is often the body’s response to a stimulus.
Describe the nervous system of a flatworm. What structures make up the system of a flatworm and what are their functions?
A flatworm has ganglia located in their heads.
Ganglia are interneurons that are grouped together into a small structure.
The interneurons connect with one another to generate a response to a stimulus.
All mammals can hear and have ears in different capacities. What is one similar aspect of hearing and ears that all mammals share?
All mammals have the ability to hear sounds which are translated into signals that the brain can process through neurons and interneurons.
What are stimuli?
Stimuli (stimulus) are information in the environment that causes an organism to respond or react. Chemicals in the air or water can serve as stimuli. Light, heat, and sounds can also stimulate the nervous system.
What is an exoskeleton?
an eternal skeleton
How do the muscles in your leg work to extend and contract your knee?
tendons pull on the bone as the muscle contracts. When a joint is bending, one muscle group relaxes as the other contracts. vise versa
How does an exoskeleton protect the mammal?
it provides a physical shield from predators
How do stimuli cause a reaction in an animal?
Chemicals in the air or water can serve as stimuli. Light, heat, and sounds can also stimulate the nervous system.
Animal’s ability to detect stimuli depends on their sensory neurons. Each type of sensory neuron responds to a particular stimulus.
What are the advantages of having an endoskeleton versus an exoskeleton?
Exoskeletons are lighter, less protection
Endoskeletons offer more protection, have to break out of mold when they grow
What is an endotherm?
an animal that regulates body temp with heat it generates
How are endotherms able to maintain their body temperature?
they generate their own heat
What is an ectotherm?
an animal that relies on other sources for body heat
low metabolic rates
In which ecosystem would ectotherms most likely thrive?
somewhere with a lot of sunlight
What are the components of our nervous system?
Neurons
Sensory neurons
Interneurons
Motor neurons
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata
Why is homeostasis important?
homeostasis is vital to survival, the health of an animal
if the ecosystem has one area out of balance, it could fail
What is the cerebellum?
movement and balance,
contains medulla oblongata
How does an energy pyramid show the flow of energy through an ecosystem?
as each level eats each other (bottom up) the energy generally decreases yet flows to each level
What are the levels of an energy pyramid and what does each do?
Producers are the plants which produce their own food through photosynthesis.
Primary consumers rely on energy from the producers. They primarily use the producers as their source of food.
Secondary consumers rely on energy from the primary consumers, which is from the producers. They rely on the primary consumers as a source of food.
Tertiary consumers rely on energy from the secondary consumers, primary consumers, and producers. They are the top of the pyramid and rely on secondary consumers as a source of food.
How is homeostasis disrupted if a level of an energy pyramid is eliminated?
the pyramid could collapse, which means the ecosystem could fail. Since all parts depend on one another, a seamless flow of energy is needed to sustain all aspects of the pyramid.
What are sensory neurons?
nerve cells that receive and transmit info from body to brain
respond to stimuli and pass on information to other sensory or motor neurons.
what are interneurons?
neurons that pass info between two other neurons.
help an animal determine how to respond
what are motor neurons?
nerve cells that carry “directions” from interneurons to muscles
what is homeostasis?
the control of internal conditions
vital for survival
what are the diease-causing microorganisms called?
pathogens
