Chapter 26 Flashcards
How many types of tissues do animals have?
4- epithlial, muscular, connective, and nervous
What is an animal?
A multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs who lack cell walls.
Invertebrates do not have a….
backbone
vertebrates do have a….
backbone
what are the 7 essential functions that animals carry out?
feeding, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, response, and movement
what are the 7 essential functions that animals carry out?
feeding, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, response, movement, and reproduction
what are the 7 essential functions that animals carry out?
feeding, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, response, movement, and reproduction
what are the 7 essential functions that animals carry out?
feeding, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, response, and movement.
True or false:
all animals are capable of movement
False
What does respire mean?
To breathe
What is a blastula?
A hollow ball of cells
What is a protosome?
An animal whose mouth is formed from the blasatapore.
What is a deuterostome?
An animal whose anus is formed from the blastopore.
During early development, the cells of most animal embryos differentiate into 3 layers called….
germ layers
List the 3 germ layers and identify their location
Endoderm- the innermost layer
Mesoderm- the middle layer
Ectoderm- the outermost layer
What is the only animal that does not exhibit body symmetry?
Sponges
What is radical symmetry?
Any number of imaginary planes that can be drawn through the center, each dividing into equal halves.
What is bilateral symmetry?
Only one imaginary plane can divide the body into two equal halves- left and right
What is anterior?
Front end
What is the Dorsal?
Upper side
What is the Ventral?
The lower side
What is the posterior?
The Back end
What is cephalization?
The concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front and end of the body.
What does Porifera mean?
Pore-bearers
True or False:
Do sponges live their entire life attached to a single spot?
True
Why are sponges classified as animals (there are 4 reasons)
Multicellular, heterotrophic, have no cell walls, and contain a few specialized cells.
What is continually circulated throughout a sponge’s body?
Water
What is a choanocyte?
Specialized cells that use flagella to move a steady current of water through the sponge
What is an osculum?
A large hole at the top of the sponge
What is a spicule?
A spike-shaped structure made of calcium carbonate or silica.
What is an Archaeocytes?
Specialized cells that move around within the walls of the sponge.
How do gemmules help sponges survive?
They help sponges survive the cold or drought, when conditions are good, they help grow into new sponges.
Sponges reproduce sexually through the process of…..
internal fertillization
name 2 ways sponges are important in aquatic ecology.
provides habitats for marine animals and they contain photosynthetic organisms
What are cnidarians?
Soft-bodied, carnivorous animals that have stinging tentacles arranged in circles around their mouth
What is a medusa?
Motile stage of a cnidarians life cycle; bell-shaped
What is a polyp?
Cylindrical body with armlike tentacles, part of the cnidarian life cycle.
What is a nematocyst?
A poison-filled stinging structure that contains tightly coiled darts
What is a gastrovascular cavity?
A digestive chamber with one opening
What is a nerve net?
A loosely organized network of cells
What are Statocysts?
groups of sensory cells that help determine the direction of gravity
What are ocelli?
“Eye-spots”; used to detect sunlight
During sexual reproduction, cnidarians reproduce via…
external fertilization
The class Scyphozoa contains…
jellyfish
The class Hydrozoa contains…
Hydras and related animals
The class Anthozoa contains…
Sea anemones and corals
Coral requires high levels of what?
Sunlight, is needed for the algae that lives inside of them
