chapter 25 – Shock

Question 1

Describe possible causes of cardiogenic shock

Answer 1

If the heart muscle doesn’t have enough force to pump blood effectively to all parts of the body. This shock can occur from a heart attack, a heart rhythm too fast or slow, an injury to the heart or other things

Question 2

Differentiate between hemorrhagic shock and hypovolemic shock and describe possible cases of each

Answer 2

Hemorrhagic shock: shot caused by severe bleeding. The loss of blood results and not enough blood for the heart to pump affectively to all parts of the body. For example, an amputated arm
Hypovolemic shock: shock caused by loss of blood, plasma or other fluids. Can be caused by excessive sweating or urination, or vomiting and diarrhea

Question 3

Describe possible causes of obstructive shock

Answer 3

Obstructive shock: shock that occurs when blood flow is stopped by physical or mechanical obstruction causing loss of adequate blood flow. This can occur when blood collects in the sack surrounding the heart or air in the chest

Question 4

Describe possible causes of distributive shock

Answer 4

Distributive shock: container failure occurs, and blood vessels remain in large causing blood to pool and outer areas of the body. Causes: injury to the spinal cord, severe infection, severe allergic reaction, psychological cases

Question 5

Discuss the stages of shock

Answer 5

Three stages of shock: early, late, irreversible
Early shock: the body’s defense mechanisms attempt to protect the body’s vital organs, you can recognize signs from mental status, breathing, skin color temperature and moisture, heart rate, strength of peripheral pulses and capillary refill
Late shock: slowness to respond, confused, unresponsive, extreme thirst, nausea or vomiting, rapid heart rate, shallow breathing, low blood pressure, delayed capillary refill and pale skin
Irreversible: at this stage, the body’s defense mechanisms have failed, you will feel a chaotic pulse and permanent damage occurs, eventually causing death

Question 6

Describe common assessment findings and symptoms of shock

Answer 6

Shock in infants or children: indicators are delayed capillary refill, altered mental status, muscle tone appears floppy. Shock in older adults: likely to have a higher heart rate and irregular pulse. Fever may not be present in septic shock

Question 7

Describe the emergency medical care of the patient with signs and symptoms of shock

Answer 7

Conduct a scene size up, identify mechanism of injury or nature of illness before approaching
Perform a primary survey and treat any life-threatening conditions
Stabilize cervical spine if needed and manage airway. have suction near because patient may vomit, call ALS if shock is recognized
Give oxygen
Control all External bleeding is present
No food or drink, prevent heat loss, perform a physical exam
A patient in shock is priority and needs immediate transport
Comfort, and reassured patient, reassessed every five minutes
Record all patient care info and medical history and care provided