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EMT > Chapter 25 Bleeding > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Bleeding Flashcards

1
Q

Atrium

A

Upper chamber of the heart

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2
Q

Ventricle

A

Lower chamber of the heart

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3
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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4
Q

Venues

A

Very small thin walled vessels that empty into the veins

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5
Q

Veins

A

Carry de oxygenated blood from the tissues to the heart

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6
Q

What does blood contain?

A

Red Blood cell- responsible for the trans portion of O2 White Blood Cells - responsible for fighting infection Platelets - responsible for forming blood clots Plasma- the fluid portion of blood

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7
Q

What is perfusion

A

It is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells’ current needs for oxygen, nutrients and waste removal

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8
Q

How long can the brain and spinal cord last without perfusion?

A

4 to 6 min

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9
Q

How long can the lungs survive without perfusion?

A

15 to 20 min

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10
Q

How long can kidney’s survive without perfusion?

A

45 min

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11
Q

How long can skeletal muscles last without perfusion?

A

2 to 3 hours

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12
Q

What is the normal body temp?

A

98.6 degrees

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13
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Excessive bleeding

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14
Q

How much blood loss can the body tolerate?

A

About 2 pints or 20% of blood volume

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15
Q

How much blood does the typical male have?

A

70 ml of blood per kilogram of body weight

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16
Q

How much blood does the typical female have?

A

Roughly 65ml of blood per kilogram of body weight

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17
Q

What are some adverse changes that will occur from significant blood loss.

A
  • Increase in Heart rate - increase respiratory rate - decrease in blood pressure
18
Q

If a person loses more than 1 unit or 500 lol of blood over a short period of time (under 15 min) what are they at risk of?

A

They may rapidly develop symptoms of hypovolemic shock

19
Q

Discuss arterial bleeding

A
  • Typically brighter red (rich with oxygen) and spurts in time with the pulse) - pressure causes blood to spurt and makes it difficult to control - decreases the amount of blood circulating in the body thus the blood pressure drops
20
Q

Discuss venous bleeding

A
  • blood is dark red - flows slowly - does not spurt - easier to manage - more likely to clot spontaneously than arterial bleeding
21
Q

Discuss capillary bleeding

A
  • dark red - oozes from wound steadily - more likely to clot spontaneously than arterial bleeding
22
Q

How long should the clotting process take?

A

Within about 10 min

23
Q

What are some possible causes of internal bleeding

A
  • stomach ulcer - lacerated liver - ruptured spleen - broken bones - pelvic fracture
24
Q

What is DCAP- BTLS?

A

Deformities Contusions Abrasions Puncture/ Penetrations Burns Tenderness Lacerations Swelling

25
Q

What are some common signs and symptoms of internal bleeding?

A

Pain ( most common) Swelling Distention Hematoma Bruising Hematemesis

26
Q

Hematoma

A

A mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin

27
Q

What is the first sign of Hypoperfusion(Hypovolemic shock)

A

Change in mental status

28
Q

What are some signs of hypoperfusion (hypovelemic shock)?

A

Change in mental status Weakness, faintness, dizziness Change in skin color (pale looking)

29
Q

What are some later signs of hypoperfusion

A

Tachycardia Thirst Cold moist clammy skin Nausea, vomiting Capillary refill greater than two seconds Weak thready pulse Decreasing Blood Pressure

30
Q

What are some signs that signifies rapid transport is needed ?

A

Tachycardia Tachypnea Low blood pressure Weak Pulse Clammy skin

31
Q

How often should you reassess an unstable patient?

A

Every 5 min

32
Q

If internal bleeding is suspected what should you do?

A

Keep patient calm Apply high flow oxygen via NRB Maintain body temp Splint if applicable (air splint) Provide rapid transport

33
Q

What is the most effective way to control external bleeding?

A

Direct pressure

34
Q

How long should you hold direct pressure for when trying to control external bleeding ?

A

At least 5 min

35
Q

What are the two forms of Hemostatic agents

A

Granular powder Gauze impregnated with a clay substance

36
Q

How should you place a tourniquet?

A

Always proximal to the joint

37
Q

What is an air splint also known as?

A

A soft splint or pressure splint

38
Q

What do Rigid splints do?

A

Will help immobilize fractures Reduce pain Prevent further damage to soft tissue injuries

39
Q

What is an epistaxis

A

A nosebleed

40
Q

How can you control a Epistaxis

A

Pinching the nostrils together

EMT (2 decks)

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