Chapter 25 Bleeding

Question 1

Atrium

Answer 1

Upper chamber of the heart

Question 2

Ventricle

Answer 2

Lower chamber of the heart

Question 3

Arteries

Answer 3

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 4

Venues

Answer 4

Very small thin walled vessels that empty into the veins

Question 5

Veins

Answer 5

Carry de oxygenated blood from the tissues to the heart

Question 6

What does blood contain?

Answer 6

Red Blood cell- responsible for the trans portion of O2 White Blood Cells - responsible for fighting infection Platelets - responsible for forming blood clots Plasma- the fluid portion of blood

Question 7

What is perfusion

Answer 7

It is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells’ current needs for oxygen, nutrients and waste removal

Question 8

How long can the brain and spinal cord last without perfusion?

Answer 8

4 to 6 min

Question 9

How long can the lungs survive without perfusion?

Answer 9

15 to 20 min

Question 10

How long can kidney’s survive without perfusion?

Answer 10

45 min

Question 11

How long can skeletal muscles last without perfusion?

Answer 11

2 to 3 hours

Question 12

What is the normal body temp?

Answer 12

98.6 degrees

Question 13

Hemorrhage

Answer 13

Excessive bleeding

Question 14

How much blood loss can the body tolerate?

Answer 14

About 2 pints or 20% of blood volume

Question 15

How much blood does the typical male have?

Answer 15

70 ml of blood per kilogram of body weight

Question 16

How much blood does the typical female have?

Answer 16

Roughly 65ml of blood per kilogram of body weight

Question 17

What are some adverse changes that will occur from significant blood loss.

Answer 17

• Increase in Heart rate - increase respiratory rate - decrease in blood pressure

Question 18

If a person loses more than 1 unit or 500 lol of blood over a short period of time (under 15 min) what are they at risk of?

Answer 18

They may rapidly develop symptoms of hypovolemic shock

Question 19

Discuss arterial bleeding

Answer 19

• Typically brighter red (rich with oxygen) and spurts in time with the pulse) - pressure causes blood to spurt and makes it difficult to control - decreases the amount of blood circulating in the body thus the blood pressure drops

Question 20

Discuss venous bleeding

Answer 20

• blood is dark red - flows slowly - does not spurt - easier to manage - more likely to clot spontaneously than arterial bleeding

Question 21

Discuss capillary bleeding

Answer 21

• dark red - oozes from wound steadily - more likely to clot spontaneously than arterial bleeding

Question 22

How long should the clotting process take?

Answer 22

Within about 10 min

Question 23

What are some possible causes of internal bleeding

Answer 23

• stomach ulcer - lacerated liver - ruptured spleen - broken bones - pelvic fracture

Question 24

What is DCAP- BTLS?

Answer 24

Deformities Contusions Abrasions Puncture/ Penetrations Burns Tenderness Lacerations Swelling

Question 25

What are some common signs and symptoms of internal bleeding?

Answer 25

Pain ( most common) Swelling Distention Hematoma Bruising Hematemesis

Question 26

Hematoma

Answer 26

A mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin

Question 27

What is the first sign of Hypoperfusion(Hypovolemic shock)

Answer 27

Change in mental status

Question 28

What are some signs of hypoperfusion (hypovelemic shock)?

Answer 28

Change in mental status Weakness, faintness, dizziness Change in skin color (pale looking)

Question 29

What are some later signs of hypoperfusion

Answer 29

Tachycardia Thirst Cold moist clammy skin Nausea, vomiting Capillary refill greater than two seconds Weak thready pulse Decreasing Blood Pressure

Question 30

What are some signs that signifies rapid transport is needed ?

Answer 30

Tachycardia Tachypnea Low blood pressure Weak Pulse Clammy skin

Question 31

How often should you reassess an unstable patient?

Answer 31

Every 5 min

Question 32

If internal bleeding is suspected what should you do?

Answer 32

Keep patient calm Apply high flow oxygen via NRB Maintain body temp Splint if applicable (air splint) Provide rapid transport

Question 33

What is the most effective way to control external bleeding?

Answer 33

Direct pressure

Question 34

How long should you hold direct pressure for when trying to control external bleeding ?

Answer 34

At least 5 min

Question 35

What are the two forms of Hemostatic agents

Answer 35

Granular powder Gauze impregnated with a clay substance

Question 36

How should you place a tourniquet?

Answer 36

Always proximal to the joint

Question 37

What is an air splint also known as?

Answer 37

A soft splint or pressure splint

Question 38

What do Rigid splints do?

Answer 38

Will help immobilize fractures Reduce pain Prevent further damage to soft tissue injuries

Question 39

What is an epistaxis

Answer 39

A nosebleed

Question 40

How can you control a Epistaxis

Answer 40

Pinching the nostrils together