Chapter 25 & 26: Digestive & Urogenital Flashcards
Is food poisoning by S. aureus an infection or an intoxication?
Intoxication.
Symptoms arrive 1-6 hours after ingestion. No fever. High resistance to heat, drying, and osmotic pressure.
What is the most common cause of food poisoning?
Type A S. aureus → coagulase positive.
If you take your food home and reheat it, will that prevent you from getting food poisoning?
No, it will not because S. aureus has a high resistance to heat and drying.
How long for symptoms to kick in in staphylococcal food poisoning?
1 to 6 hours after ingestion.
Is shigellosis an infection or an intoxication?
Infection.
What is the difference between diarrhea and dysentery?
Diarrhea is frequent passing of loose or watery stools. Dysentery is intestinal inflammation in the colon, leading to severe diarrhea with mucus and blood.
What is the difference in dosage between staphylococcal food poisoning and shigellosis?
Staphylococcal food poisoning is toxin-mediated, with nanogram-level toxin doses causing rapid symptoms.
Shigellosis is bacteria-mediated, requiring as few as 10 bacterial cells, but takes longer to develop.
What does shiga toxin do?
Shiga destroys tissue and inhibits protein synthesis in human cells, leading to cell death, inflammation, and blood vessel damage.
Staphylococcal food poisoning usually does not have a fever.
True.
What does S. enterica cause?
Typhoid Fever, Gastroenteritis (Salmonellosis), Bacteremia & Septicemia, Reactive Arthritis.
What does S. typhi cause?
Causes typhoid fever.
What is Salmonella enterica usually transmitted on or in?
Transmitted through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with infected animals or humans.
How is typhoid fever spread?
Only spread by feces.
When you say someone is a typhoid Mary, what does that mean?
Unknowingly spreading disease without being affected yourself.
The term comes from Mary Mallon, a cook in the early 1900s who was an asymptomatic carrier of Salmonella Typhi (the bacteria that causes typhoid fever).
What is cholera caused by?
Caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which produces the cholera toxin. This toxin leads to severe watery diarrhea, dehydration, and potentially death if untreated.
What does V. cholerae look like?
Slightly curved rod, singular polar flagellum, gram negative.
How does cholera toxin work?
Causes host cells to secrete water and electrolytes, especially potassium.
How is cholera transmitted?
Transmitted through brackish or fresh waters, biofilms, and colonies in plants and animals in the water.
How does cholera affect the body?
It grows in the small intestine causing severe dehydration due to rapid fluid loss from diarrhea.
Know the main differences between the types of E. coli.
EPEC: Major cause of diarrhea in developing countries, watery diarrhea, no blood. EIEC: Inflammation, high fever, profuse watery diarrhea with blood. EAEC: Enterotoxin causes watery diarrhea, mild, mucusy. EHEC: Self-limiting diarrhea, can cause hemorrhagic colitis, bloody urine, HUS. ETEC: Enterotoxins cause watery diarrhea, often fatal for children under 5.
What are some of the issues surrounding STIs?
Various health complications, transmission risks, and social stigma.
How do gonorrhea and chlamydia invade?
Gonorrhea penetrates epithelial cells and survives inside them. Chlamydia hides inside cells, multiplies, and bursts them.
What are the main symptoms for male STIs?
Pain or burning during urination, unusual discharge, sores or blisters on genitals, itching or irritation, flu-like symptoms.
What is PID? (Pelvic inflammatory disease)
Collective term for any extensive bacterial infection of the female pelvic organs, especially the uterus.
