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Nursing 1 > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

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1
Q

Laboratory test

A

a broad classification for numerous types of examinations performed on some type of body fluid, such as whole blood or the serum portion of the blood, spinal fluid, sputum, gastric contents, feces, and bone marrow

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2
Q

hematology

A

the study of blood cells and the blood-forming tissues

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3
Q

complete blood count (CBC)

A

measures the number of leukocytes (WBC), erythrocytes (RBC) and thrombocytes or platelets (PLTS)

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4
Q

leukocytosis

A

when WBC is elevated above normal

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5
Q

leukopenia

A

when WBC is below normal

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6
Q

differential

A

the breakdown of the total WBC into percentages of the five types of white cells

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7
Q

left shift

A

when bands (immiture neutrophils) are elevated, indicated bacterial infection

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8
Q

right shift

A

when lymphocytes increase with viral infections and allergic conditions

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9
Q

anemia

A

a a reduction in the delivery of oxygen to the tissues

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10
Q

polycythemia

A

elevated RBC count

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11
Q

blood chemistry test measures

A

changes in the biological chemical reactions

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12
Q

blood chemistry test includes what type of tests?

A

blood glucose, electrolyte levels, enzymes and isoenzymes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, total protein, total bilirubin

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13
Q

blood glucose

A

glucose level in the blood, helpful in diagnosis and treatment of diabetes

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14
Q

electrolyte levels include:

A

potassium, chloride, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate. used to evaluate fluid and electrolyte balance and acid base balance.

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15
Q

enzymes and isoenzymes

A

released from a specific organ when damaged. Ex. cardiac cells (CK-MB), damaged liver cells (LFT)

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16
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

occurs with dehydration. may indicate renal failure

17
Q

serum creatinine

A

a product of metabolism, removed from blood by the kidneys. elevated levels indicate impairment of kidney function

18
Q

total protein

A

evaluates many conditions: malnutrition, dehydration, severe burns, gastrointestinal disease, renal disease, liver disease, diabetes mellitus

19
Q

total bilirubin

A

measures the blood level of bilirubin. evaluates liver funtion

20
Q

urinalysis

A

darker urine means dehydration

cloudy urine indicates bacteria or WBC

21
Q

proteinuria

A

protein in the urine, related to renal failure

22
Q

ketonuria

A

ketones in the urine, related to diabetes

23
Q

glomeruler filtration rate (GFR)

A

measures the volume of urine in milliliters filtered by the kidneys in 1 minute

24
Q

radiography or x-ray

A

provides an image of the bones without any preparation, most common test for the skeletal system

25
Q

chest x-ray (CXR)

A

shows the bony structures of the thorax,
hearts position and size,
lungs for expansion, collapsed lobes, clear, congested
densities indicating tumors ot tb

26
Q

nursing care for chest x-ray

A

explain painless x-ray picture will be taken, require removal of jewelry bras and shirts or blouse with buttons, zippers, or snaps

27
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

a form of radiology, produces slices of the site, evaluates the brain, spinal cord, bone, organs, and vessels in motion

28
Q

nursing care for (MRI)

A

verify is contrast is needed, if pt need to be NPO, know if pt is claustrophobic, educate pt of the limited space inside the scanner, MRI machice is loud with knocking and clicking sounds, MRI take 30 to 90 min to complete, get consent form

29
Q

computed tomography (CT) or computed axial tomography (CAT)

A

an xray procedure that takes many xray images of body parts from different angles.

30
Q

arteriography/angiography/venography

A

forms of radiology that require a contrast medium instilled into designated arteries, or veins in search for thrombosis, tumors, constrictions, occlusions, and aneurysm. Mostly examined vessels in the heart, brain, lings, and lower extremities.

31
Q

ultrasonography

A

ultrasound waves are used to produce images of organs and tissues that can be recorded and printed

32
Q

endoscopic examinations

A

a flexible scope with optical capability that allows visualization of body cavities and hollow organs, such as the colon or urinary bladder

33
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

a flexible scope inserted through the mouth, down the esophagus, through the stomach, and into the upper duodenum allowing visualization of the lining of each. In search for polyps, ulcers, tumors, and constrictions, and chemical burns after ingestion of poisons

34
Q

nursing care for esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

pt on NPO for 8-12 hours before test, educate pt of the procedure that there is minimal or no discomfort, assess VS prior to procedure for baseline, during the procedure, and every 15 minutes for 1 hour, and every hour for 4 hours after the procedure

35
Q

colonoscopy

A

a flexible endoscope is inserted via the rectum into the colon and terminal ileum, allowing the physician to visualize the lining for abnormalties such as polyps, ulcerations, and tumors and biopsy tissue as needed

36
Q

nursing care for colonoscopy

A

limiting the pt intake to clear liquids for 24 hours before exam, avoid ingesting anything red (jello, popsicle,soda), laxative administered about 2pm the day before the exam, may be followed by 1-3 enemas, sedation is administered for sleep during procedure.

37
Q

electrocardiography (EKG) or ECG

A

uses 6 electrodes applied to specific locations on the chest wall and four electrodes applied to the four extremities to graphically record the electrical activity through the hearts electrical conduction pathway

38
Q

telemetry monitoring

A

a portable heart monitor

39
Q

electroencephalography (EEG)

A

electrodes are placed stragically on the scalp and record the electrical activity of the brain (brain waves). beneficial in detecting epilepsy,diseases of the cns, tumors, and to confirm brain death

Nursing 1 (2 decks)

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