Chapter 24 - The Urinary System

Question 1

How many liters of fluid does the kidney filter from out bloodstream each day?

Answer 1

200 L per day

Toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions leave the body in urine while returning substances needed to the blood.

Question 2

The kidneys’ maintain the body’s internal environment by:

Answer 2

1. Regulating the total volume of water in the body and the total concentration of solutes in that water (osmolality).
2. Regulating the concentrations of the various ions in the extraccellular fluids (Even small changes in some ion concentrations such as K+ can be fatal).
3. Ensuring long-term acid-base balance.
4. Excreting metabolic wastes and foreign substances such as drugs or toxins.
5. Producing erythropoietin and renin, which are improtant molecules for regulating red blood cell produciton and blood pressure, respectively.
6. Converting vitamin D to its active form.
7. Carrying out gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting.

Question 3

The urinary system includes:

Answer 3

1. The kidneys
2. The ureters
3. The urinary bladder
4. The urethra

Question 4

What are:

paired tubes that transport urine from thek idneys to the urinary bladder.

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Answer 4

Ureters

Question 5

What is

a temporary storage reservoir for urine.

Answer 5

Urinary bladder

Question 6

What is

a tube that crries uring from the bladder to the body exterior

Answer 6

Urethra

Question 7

The kidneys lie in a

Answer 7

retroperitoneal position in the superior lumbar region.

Extending approximately from T12 to L3. The kidney’s recieve some protection from the lower part of the rib cage.

Question 8

How much does a kidney weight?

Answer 8

150g

About 11 cm long, 6 cm wide and 3 cm thick (Roughly about the size of a bar of soap).

Question 9

What occupies the renal hilium and occupies the renal sinus?

Answer 9

The uretrer, renal blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves.

Question 10

What are the three layers of supportive tissue surround each kidney?

Answer 10

1. The renal fascia
2. The perirenal fat capsule
3. The fibrous capsule

Question 11

What is the renal fascia?

Answer 11

An outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney and adrenal gland to surrounding structures.

Question 12

What is perirenal fat capsule?

Answer 12

A fatty mass that surrounds the kidney and cushions it against blows

Question 13

What is the fibrous capsule?

Answer 13

A transparent capsule that prevents infections in surrounding regions from spreading to the kidney.

Question 14

Which kidney is more susceptible to blunt trauma such as from falls, motor vehicle accidents, or contact sports?

Answer 14

The right kidney.

The renal artery is especially vulnerble to injury from rapid deceleratin during car crashes, and may be lacerated (torn) or develop a thrombosis.

Question 15

What are the three distinctive parts of the kidney?

Answer 15

1. Renal Cortex
2. Renal Medulla
3. Renal Pelvis

Question 16

What are the cone-shaped tissue masses in the medulla called?

Answer 16

Medullary, or renal, pyramids

The broad base faces the cortex and its apex or papilla, points internally.

Question 17

What are:

inward extensions of cortical tissue, seperating the pyramids?

Answer 17

Renal Columns

Question 18

Each pyramid and its surrounding cortical tissue constitutes one of approximately ____ lobes of a kidney.

Answer 18

Eight

Question 19

A funnel-shaped tube, is continuous with the ureter leaving the hilium.

Answer 19

Renal Pelvis

Question 20

How many major calyces are in the renal pelvis?

Answer 20

2-3

Question 21

Each major calyx subdivides to form several _____ _____, cup-shaped areas that enclose the papillae.

Answer 21

Minjor Calyces

Question 22

What do the calyces do?

Answer 22

Collect urine, which drains continously from the papillae, and empties into the renal pelvis.