Chapter 24 - Temperature Regulation And Metabolism

Question 1

Homeothermic

Answer 1

The ability to regulate our own temperature

Question 2

Why is temperature regulation important in the human body?

Answer 2

It is important for maintaining homeostasis and proper care of enzymes

Question 3

Core temp:

Answer 3

98.5

Question 4

How is temperature maintained?

Answer 4

Radiation 
Convection 
Conduction 
Evaporation 
Metabolism

Question 5

What happens on a hot day?

Answer 5

E is gained from the sun’s radiation
E is gained from conduction
E is gained from convection
E is gained from metabolism
E is lost by evaporation
E is lost by physiological functions: sweating, vasodilation
Behavior changes: light clothing, swimming, water intake, etc.

Question 6

What is one function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 6

Temperature regulation

Question 7

What are associated pathologies to temperature regulation?

Answer 7

Hyperthermia
Fever
Hypothermia

Question 8

Hyperthermia

Answer 8

Heat gained exceeds heat lost.
Caused by: exercise, a hot day, fever.
Signs: heat exhaustion (over 99.7•F), hear stroke (over 104•F)

Question 9

The cascade of events concerning hyperthermia

Answer 9

Sweating 
Dehydration 
Blood volume decreases 
Blood pressure decreases 
Heart rate goes up 
Hypothalamus still works 
Heat exhaustion 
Enzymes denature 
Stroke 
Hypothalamus stops working 
Sweating stops 
Most enzymes are destroyed
Tired 
Coma 
Death

Question 10

Fever

Answer 10

Due to: invading organism or substance
Caused by: pyrogens produced by WBC’s
Which: causes an increase in prostaglandin secretion
And: hypothalamus increases its set point

Question 11

Hypothermia

Answer 11

Heat loss exceeds heat gain.
Caused by: a cold day or anesthesia
95• or lower
Slows enzymes

Question 12

Cascade of events concerning hypothermia

Answer 12

Decreased heart rate 
Decreased respiratory rate 
Decreased metabolism 
Shivering 
Coma
Death

Question 13

Metabolism

Answer 13

Sum of all chemical reactions in the body

Question 14

Catabolism

Answer 14

E release: breaking down

Question 15

Anabolism

Answer 15

E gain: building up

Question 16

What is the Energy in carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins used for?

Answer 16

Produce ATP via Oxidation-Reduction reactions

Question 17

Metabolic rate

Answer 17

Total amount of E produced and used by the body per unit of time

Question 18

Basal metabolic rate

Answer 18

E that runs the body at rest (60%)

Question 19

Thermic effect of food

Answer 19

E needed for digestion (10%)

Question 20

Muscle activity

Answer 20

E used for movement of skeletal muscles (30%)

Question 21

Food consumption

Answer 21

Daily E input should equal daily E output to maintain a set weight

Question 22

Recommended amounts of nutrients

Answer 22

Carbs- 60% daily kcals
Lipids- 30% daily kcals
Proteins- 10% daily kcals

Question 23

What is the function of antioxidants?

Answer 23

To prevent formation of free radicals

Question 24

Free radical

Answer 24

A chemical produced by metabolism that is missing electrons. It steals electrons from from chemicals in the cells, thus causing cellular damage.

Question 25

ATP is formed from food via

Answer 25

Anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Question 26

Anaerobic

Answer 26

Breaks down glucose
No O2
Produces either lactic acid or ethanol&CO2 + 2ATP (from glycolysis)
Does not use mitochondria

Question 27

What are the phases of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 27

Glycolysis

Fermentation (of lactic acid OR ethanol)

Question 28

Aerobic respiration

Answer 28

Breaks down glucose 
O2 present 
Produces Co2, H2O. 
Yields 40 ATP minus 2 ATP used up in glycolysis 
Occurs in mitochondria

Question 29

What are the phases of aerobic respiration?

Answer 29

Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain

Question 30

Glycogenesis

Answer 30

Excess glucose forms glycogen for storage

Question 31

Glycogenysis

Answer 31

Glucagon breakdown to harvest glucose

Question 32

Lipogenesis

Answer 32

Glucagon storage is full… So glucose and amino acids form lipids

Question 33

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 33

Formation of glucose from amino acids + glycerol (proteins and fats)