Chapter 24 origin of species Flashcards
Ap bio testing vocab and concepts
What is speciation
The process by which one species splits into two or more species
It is microevolution
Changes over time in allele frequencies in a population
What I s macro evolution
The broad pattern of evolution over long time spans
Is morphology
Body form
What is the biological species concept
Primary definition of species
What is species
Group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable fertile offspring but do not produce viable fertile offspring with members of other such groups
What Is Gene flow
Transfer of alleles between populations
What Does Gene flow have the potential to do
To hold the gene pool of the species together
What is reproductive isolation
The existence of biological factors or barriers that impede members of two species from producing viable fertile offspring
What are hybrids
Offspring that results from interspecific meeting
What are pre-zygotic barriers
BeFore the zygote block fertilization from occurring
What are Postzygotic barriers
After the zygote may contribute to reproductive isolation after the hybrid zygote is for
What are the pre-zygotic barriers that impede meeting or hinder fertilization
Habitat isolation temporal isolation behavioral isolation and mechanical isolation and Gametic isolation
What are the post zygotic barriers that prevent a hybrid zygote From developing into a viable fertile adult
Reduced hybrid viability. Reduced hybrid fertility and hybrid breakdown
What is the morphological species concept
It characterizes a species by body shape and other structural features
What is the ecological species concept
Views a species in terms of its ecological niche the sum of how members of the species interact with the nonliving and living parts of the environment
What is phylogenetic species concept
Defines the species as the smallest group of individuals that share common ancestor
What is allopatric speciation
Gene flow is interrupted when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations
What is sympatric speciation
Is small population becomes a new species without geographic separation
What is polyploidy
Species that may originate from an accident during cell division that results in extra sets of chromosomes
What is auto polyploid
It is an individual and has more than two chromosome sets that are all derived from a single species
What is allopolyploid
When a sterile hybrid is a fertile polyploid
What else can sympatric specification be affected by
Habitat differentiation sexual selection
What is a hybrid zone
THe region in which members of different species meet and mate producing at least some offspring of mixed ancestry
What Are the three possible outcomes for hybrids
Reinforcement or fusion or stability
What is reinforcement
Reducing the formation of unfit hybrids in thus forcing reproductive barriers
Hybrids may cease to be formed
What is fusion
The weakening of reproductive barriers
What is stability
Hybrids continue to be produce
What is punctuated equilibria
To describe these periods of a peristasis punctuated by sudden change
