Chapter 24 - Balance

Question 1

Water Balance

Answer 1

Average daily water intake and loss are equal

Question 2

Electrolyte Balance

Answer 2

The amount of electrolytes absorbed by the small intestine balance with the amount lost from the body (usually in urine)

Question 3

Acid- Base Balance

Answer 3

The state of having the right amount of acid & base in the blood and other body fluids.

Question 4

Sensible Water Loss (Observable)

Answer 4

1,500 mL/ day is in urine
200 mL/day is in feces
100 mL/day is sweat in resting adult

Question 5

Insensible Water Loss (Unnoticed)

Answer 5

300 mL/day in expired breath
400 mL/day is cutaneous transpiration
diffuses through epidermis and evaporates
does not come from sweat glands
loss varies greatly with environment and activity

Question 6

Preformed Water

Answer 6

Ingested in food(700mL/day) and drink(1600mL/day)

Question 7

Metabolic Water

Answer 7

By-product of aerobic metabolism and dehydration synthesis (C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O)

Question 8

Water Intoxication

Answer 8

The excess water dilutes sodium in the blood & causes fluids to move inside cells causing them to swell; Cause pulmonary and cerebral edema

Question 9

Intracellular Fluid

Answer 9

65%

Question 10

Extracellular Fluid

Answer 10

35%

Question 11

Tissue (Interstitial) Fluid

Answer 11

25%

Question 12

Blood Plasma & Lymphatic Fluid

Answer 12

8%

Question 13

Transcellular Fluid

Answer 13

2%

Question 14

Normal pH of blood & tissue fluid

Answer 14

7.35 - 7.45

Question 15

Free Hydrogens

Answer 15

pH of a solution is determined solely by hydrogen ions H+

Question 16

Physiological Buffer

Answer 16

Chemicals used by the body to prevent large changes in the pH of bodily fluid & CO2

Question 17

Urinary System

Answer 17

Buffers greatest quantity of acids or bases
- Takes several hours to days to exert its effects
- Long term control

Question 18

Respiratory System

Answer 18

Buffers within minutes - quick but short term
- Cannot alter pH as much as the urinary system

Question 19

Chemical Buffer

Answer 19

A substance that binds H+ and removes it from solution as its concentration begins to rise, or releases H+ into solution as its concentration falls

Question 20

3 Major Chemical Buffers

Answer 20

Bicarbonate, Phosphate & Protein Systems

Question 21

Carbonic Acid - Bicarbonate Buffer System HC03-

Answer 21

Most important in regulating blood plasma pH
- If plasma pH drops due to too many H+ ions , then carbonic acid is formed & plasma pH rises
- If plasma pH rises due to shortage of H+ ions, then biocarbonate ions are formed & plasma pH drops
HC03- + H3O+ ———> H2CO3 + H2O

Question 22

Phosphate Buffer System

Answer 22

Most important in regulating intracellular fluid pH
- If intracellular fluid pH drops due to too many H+ ions, then dihydrogen phosphate is formed and intracellular fluid pH rises.
- If intracellular fluid pH rises due to shortage of H+ ions, then monohydrogen phosphate is formed and intracellular fluid pH drops

Question 23

Protein Buffer System

Answer 23

Regulating blood plasma & intracellular fluid pH
- If blood plasma pH fluid drops due to too many hydrogen ions then H+ ions bind to amine groups which causes pH to rise
- If blood plasma pH fluid rises due to a shortage of H+ ions, then acid groups dissociate and pH drops