chapter 24

Question 1

Healthy People 2030

Answer 1

Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being free of preventable
disease, disability, injury, and premature death

Question 2

Infancy:

Answer 2

birth to 1 year

Question 3

Toddler:

Answer 3

1 to 3 years

Question 4

Preschool:

Answer 4

3 to 5 years

Question 5

school age:

Answer 5

6 to 12 years

Question 6

adolescence:

Answer 6

13 to 19 years old

Question 7

early adulthood

Answer 7

20 to 40 years

Question 8

middle adulthood

Answer 8

40 to 65 years

Question 9

late adulthood

Answer 9

65 years and over

Question 10

Nuclear Family

Answer 10

a family unit that consists of parents and their biological offspring living in an
independent household setting.

Question 11

Extended Family

Answer 11

the nuclear family as well as additional family (i.e. grandparents,
grandchildren, aunts and uncles who live in the same household) – sometimes support roles are
shared in this type of family setting.

Question 12

Single-Parent Family

Answer 12

the single parent has the sole responsibility of carrying out the functions that are typically shared by two members (occurs by divorce, death, separation, abandonment or
choice – much more common in recent years).

Question 13

Blended (Reconstituted) Family

Answer 13

formed when adults remarry and bring together children from previous marriages. There is also a possibility of adding new children from this union.

Question 14

Social Contract and Cohabitation

Answer 14

an unmarried couple living together sharing roles and responsibilities – this unit may or may not share children.

Question 15

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ) Family

Answer 15

composed of a combination
of parents who identify as LGBTQ. In the United States, 5.6% of adults identify as members of this group. An estimated 300,000 children have parents who are same sex partners.

Question 16

Adoptive Family

Answer 16

a family unit created with non-biological children.

Question 17

Grandfamilies –

Answer 17

families with children under the age of 18 who live with or in the custody of
grandparents. (Biological parents may or may not be involved in the child’s care and in 1/3 of these families, a biological parent is present in the household)

Question 18

Foster Family

Answer 18

when biological parents are unable or unwilling to provide adequate, safe care for their children, the children are placed in foster care by the court system.

Question 19

Sensorimotor: Birth to 2 Years

Answer 19

Uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world (begins with reflexes)

Begins to interact with environment and understand object permanence

Develops thinking and goal directed behavior

Question 20

Preoperational Thought: 2 to 7 Years

Answer 20

Develops egocentric thinking – understands the world with only self-perspective

Uses trial and error and conceptualizes time in present terms only

Develops more logical and intuitive thinking

Gains imaginative ability

Gradually begins to become less egocentric and understand other points of view

Question 21

Concrete Operational Thought: 7 to 11 Years

Answer 21

Understands and applies logical operations or principles to help interpret specific
experiences or perceptions

Has more realistic views and better understands other viewpoints

Improves use of memory and focuses on more than one task

Recognizes causes and effect and learns to identify behavior outcome

Question 22

Formal Operational Thought: 12+ Years

Answer 22

Uses a systematic, scientific problem-solving approach

Recognizes past, present and future

Is able to think abstractly and hypothetically – able to move in thought from “the real to
the possible”

Becomes more interested in ethics, politics, and all social and moral issues (takes a
broader and more theoretic approach to experiences)

Question 23

Physical Characteristics of Infancy

Answer 23

Physical change happens rapidly

The first 6 months, growth proceeds
in a cephalocaudal and proximodistal
sequence

Gain 1.5 lbs. per month until 5
months, and double their birth
weight by 4 to 6 months

By age 1, birth weight has tripled

0 to 7 months – weight gain is fat

8+ months – weight gain includes
more bone and muscle

Question 24

Physical Characteristics of Toddlers

Answer 24

Slower growth rate than infants

Growth proceeds from head to
foot, from the center outward

Upright stance

Top-heavy appearance

Pot-belly appearance which will start
to disappear as abdominal muscles
strengthen

By age 2.5, all teeth are present
(routine dental exams necessary)

Question 25

Physical Characteristics of the School-Age Child
(6 to 12 Years)

Answer 25

Growth is gradual and subtle

Most obvious growth is in the long
bones of the extremities and
development of facial bones

Growing pains at night

Height and weight increase by 2
inches and 4.5 to 6.5 lbs. per year for
boys and girls

Boys become stronger and girls
become more graceful and accurate

Straighter posture

Lose “baby fat” appearance of early
childhood

Question 26

Physical Characteristics of the Adolescent (12 to
19 Years)

Answer 26

Transition period from childhood to
adulthood

Second major period of rapid growth

Begins at puberty

Ability to reproduce begins

Primary changes occur in reproductive
organs (ovaries, breasts, uterus, testes,
and penis)

Secondary sexual changes occur in other
parts of the body (pubic and facial hair,
voice changes, fat deposits)

Females grow 2 to 8 inches and males
grow 4 to 12 inches

Females gain 15 to 55 lbs.

Males gain 15 to 65 lbs.