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Micro 101 > Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

GI Tract Defenses: Oral cavity

A

lysozyme, saliva, tonsils, normal flora, Secretory IgA

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2
Q

GI Tract Defenses: Stomach

A

low pH, mucus

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3
Q

GI Tract Defenses: Intestines

A

bile, GALT, normal flora, peristalsis

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4
Q

GI Tract Diseases

A

-Tooth and gum infections
-Mixed infections of the gums
-Gastric ulcers
-Acute Infectious Diarrhea
-Acute diarrhea with vomiting
-Hepatitis

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5
Q

What can cause tooth and gum infections?

A

Streptococcus mutans

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6
Q

Bacterial causes of diarrhea include

A

-Salmonella
-Shigella
-Shiga-toxin producing E. coli
◦E. coli O157 H7
-Campylobacter (C. jejuni)
-Cholera (Vibrio cholerae)

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7
Q

Human carrier (and reservoir) of Salmonella typhi

A

Typhoid Mary

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8
Q

Infect domestic animals

A

Salmonella enterica serovars

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9
Q

Eggs and contaminated meat

A

Salmonella enterica serovars

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10
Q

One of the most prevalent
causes of food-borne
illnesses

A

Salmonella enterica serovars

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11
Q

Transmission dose as few as
10 organisms

A

Salmonella enterica serovars

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12
Q

Attachment is key virulence
factor

A

Salmonella enterica serovars

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13
Q

Gram negative bacillus and it’s classification based on serology and phage susceptibility assays

A

Salmonella enterica serovars

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14
Q

Invades intestinal epithelial cells (Motility, LPS, fimbriae)

A

Salmonellosis

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15
Q

Symptoms: Nausea, cramps, diarrhea
Recovery: a few days but may
shed organism for 6 months

A

Salmonellosis

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16
Q

40,000 cases annually in US, 1 million cases suspected annually

A

Salmonellosis

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17
Q

Exclusively a human parasite that infects the large intestine

A

Shigella

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18
Q

Called “Dysentery”

A

Shigella

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19
Q

Exotoxin (shiga-toxin) affects
intestine, inhibiting protein
synthesis

A

Shigella

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20
Q

Mostly a bovine intestinal commensal that infects the large and small intestine

A

E.coli 0157H7

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21
Q

Exotoxin (shiga-toxin) produced like
Shigella, affects intestine and kidneys

A

E.coli 0157H7

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22
Q

Causes Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

A

E.coli 0157H7

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23
Q

Small curved Gram negative rod

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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24
Q

Lives in large intestine of birds mostly chickens and mammals

A

Campylobacter jejuni

25
Q

Fecal contamination of water and foods

A

Campylobacter jejuni

26
Q

Leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis in the world and USA (2.4 million U.S. cases/year)

A

Campylobacteriosis

27
Q

Caused by undercooked poultry, shellfish, unpasteurized dairy products,
contaminated water

A

Campylobacteriosis

28
Q

Causes watery to bloody diarrhea

A

Campylobacteriosis

29
Q

1.Adhesion
2.Invasion
3.Treated with antibiotics

A

Campylobacteriosis

30
Q

Causes Cholera and secretes Cholera toxin (CT) – A-B toxin

A

Vibrio cholerae

31
Q

Bacteria never enter host cells

A

Vibrio cholerae

32
Q

Causes heavy loss of fluid “rice-water stool” and untreated cases can be fatal

A

Vibrio cholerae

33
Q

Enterotoxins made by bacteria in
inappropriately stored food can cause

A

acute diarrhea with vomiting

34
Q

Bacillus cereus often comes from

35
Q

Clostridium perfringens often comes from

36
Q

Staphylococcus aureus often comes from

A

meats, salads

37
Q

Protozoan parasite

A

Giardia lamblia

38
Q

Cysts survive in environment (Insensitive to chlorine)

A

Giardia lamblia

39
Q

Contaminated water source of infection

A

Giardia lamblia

40
Q

Shed by wild animals into water supply as well as by infected humans

A

Giardiasis

41
Q
  1. G. lamblia attaches to human intestinal wall
  2. Diarrhea lasting weeks
  3. Treated with anti-parasitic drugs
A

Giardiasis

42
Q

First identified in 1976

A

Cryptosporidium

43
Q

Contamination via fecal-oral route (Also in contaminated water)

A

Cryptosporidium

44
Q

1993 outbreak in Milwaukee, WI (Largest waterborne illness outbreak in US history)

A

Cryptosporidium

45
Q

Responsible for most childhood morbidity and mortality from diarrhea

46
Q

Fecal – oral route of infection

47
Q

Babies lacking maternal antibodies are at risk

48
Q

Unique morphological appearance, vaccine (MLV) now available

49
Q

Commonly referred to as “Norwalk virus”

50
Q

Highly infectious, fecal- oral route

51
Q

The cause of almost all acute diarrhea
outbreaks in adults (90%). Recent “famous” outbreaks on cruise ships.

52
Q

Hepatitis A

A

Fecal / Oral

53
Q

Hepatitis B

A

Blood borne & STD

54
Q

Hepatitis C

A

Blood Borne (And other?)

55
Q

Hepatitis E

A

Fecal / Oral

56
Q

Hepatitis is a

A

Viral infection

57
Q

Signs: Infection and inflammation of the liver cells, Jaundice of the skin

58
Q

Noninfectious conditions can cause

Micro 101 (6 decks)

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