Chapter 23 - Upper GI Disorders Flashcards
Mouth Ulcers
-lesions or sores in lining of mouth
-caused by: radiation treatment, viral infections, chemo, meds
-dietary interventions:
>decrease spicy, salty, or acidic foods
>may need softer texture
>prefer cold food and beverage
Dry mouth
-due to radiation
-dietary:
>lemon drops
>sugarless gum
Dysphagia
-difficulty swallowing
-oropharyngeal phase:
>involves mouth and pharynx
>causes: alzheimers, ALS, parkinsons, stroke, MS
-esophageal phase:
>involves esophagus
>causes: cancer, stricture
-complications
>aspiration
>malnutrition
>weight loss
>increased risk of dehydration
What is GERD?
-weakening or inappropriate relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) > causes back flow of gastric contents into esophagus
What are the symptoms of GERD?
- holes in esophagus
- pre cancerous symptoms
What are the causes of GERD?
- hormonal
- medical conditions
- smoking
- meds
- diet
GERD dietary intervation
- limit:
- ETOH
- peppermint/spearmint
- garlic
- onions
- chocolate
- high fat foods
- caffeine
GERD life style modifications
- lose weight
- wear loose fitted clothing
- avoid over drinking and over eating
- consume small meals
- drink liquids between meals
- remain elevated during and after eating
- quit smoking
Peptic Ulcers: Causes and Treatment
-erosion of GI mucosa
-H. pylori in 60% of patients
-other causes:
>pain meds
>smoking
>ETOH
-treatment: depends on cause
>typically antibiotics
>block/ reduce acid production
>antacids
>protect lining of stomach
-dietary considerations vary with individual tolerance
Dumping Syndrome
-food dumped into small intestine: jejunum
-surgical procedures
>bariatric (gastric bypass or restriction) for severe obesity
>gastrectomy (partial or total) stomach cancer
-symptoms:
>initial (15-30min): diarrhea
>later (1-3hr): hypoglycemia
-diet
>avoid concentrated sweets, including high sugar beverages
>eat small frequent meals
>take fluids 45-60min after eating
>avoid lactose
>include soluble fiber
>eat PRO foods first
Dietary considerations for total gastrectomy and gastric bypass
- fat malabsorption
- Vitamin D and Ca++ deficiencies
- Anemia (iron, B12)
Diet progression post gastric bypass
- begin with liquids
- progress with pureed foods
- stay away from crunchy foods
- different insurance requires different requirements patients must do before having surgery
Gastric balloon
- contains saline
- placed in stomach for 6 months
- meant to simulate fullness
