Chapter 23 - Skin

Question 1

Acute inflammatory dermatoses

Answer 1

urticaria, acute ecxematous dermatitis, erythema multiforme

Question 2

chronic inflammatory dermatoses

Answer 2

psoriasis, lichen planus, lichen simplex chronicus

Question 3

macule

Answer 3

flat discoloration

Question 4

papule

Answer 4

elevated done

Question 5

plaque

Answer 5

flat-topped elevation

Question 6

scale

Answer 6

dry, horny, platelike growth

Question 7

vesicle, bulla

Answer 7

fluid filled area…. >5 mm is bulla

Question 8

wheal

Answer 8

raised area of edema, AKA hive

Question 9

acantholysis
acanthosis
Hyperkeratosis

Answer 9

loss of keratinocyte adhesion
epidermal hyperplasia
hyper stratum corneum

Question 10

type I hypersensitivity---mast cell degranulation
multiple wheal (isolated or diffuse)

Answer 10

Urticaria—Hives

Question 11

IgE dependent urticaria is assoc with

IgE independent with

Answer 11

common allergens

medications (opiates, antibiotics)

Question 12

ex cessive complement activation
trauma, menstratuion, stresss, —-
various meds, viral infxn

Answer 12

hereditary angioedema

Question 13

various stimuli, multipla appearancess
Acute: red, nblisters, oozing, crusts
Chronic: raised scaling plaque

Answer 13

Acute eczematous dermatitis

eczema

Question 14

eczema is a mix of hypersensitivities

Answer 14

Type I and type IV

itchy—-scratching may cause trauma

Question 15

MC type of ezcema

Answer 15

allergic contact dermatitis
CD 4+ T cell sensitization
limited to contact site

Question 16

inherited risk of hypersensitivity
—atopic triad : dermatitis, asthma, rhinitis
Onsets in childhood, improves with age

Answer 16

Atopic dermatits (atopic eczema)

Question 17

Type 4 hypsersensitivity–rare, selt-limited
infectious
drug reaction

Answer 17

Erythema Multiforme

Question 18

how does erythema multiforme present itself

Answer 18

red macule, pale eroded center

targetoid lesion

Question 19

post infxn, milder

Answer 19

erythema multiforme minor

Question 20

drug related, aggressive

sloughing of epidermis, fluid loss, infection

Answer 20

erythema multiforme Major

Question 21

autoimmune–unknow antigens, t cells in epidermis
lifelong
2% of population—

Answer 21

psoriasis

epidermal hyperplasia, itchy

Question 22

MC in extremities—Wickham’s striae in oral cavity

Answer 22

lichen planus

Question 23

idiopathis
repetitive trauama
epidermal hyperplasia & dermal scarring–raised itchy scale

Answer 23

lichen implex chronicus

Question 24

S. aureus 80%… strep pyogenes
contagious
“honey-colored” crust or abscess ( when deeper)

Answer 24

Impetigo
Children!—mouth, nose
Neutrophils battle

Question 25

what is pus?

Answer 25

dead WBC, edema, idk

Question 26

how is impetigo transferred?

Answer 26

direct contact----think wrestling

Question 27

Deeper infxn, puncture wounds or burn site

Answer 27

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 28

what percent of blood do you need to lose in order for shock?

Answer 28

20%

Question 29

Intense itchiness, Superficial or deep layers of skin or nail bed----almost could be psoriasis

Answer 29

mycosis, dermatophytosis, tinea "ringworm"

Question 30

Fungal, immunodeficiency Angioinvasive: lungs-to-blood aspergilloma

Answer 30

Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 31

what is tinea corporis

Answer 31

non hairy skin area where you will get fungal infxn

Question 32

what is tinea barbae?

Answer 32

beard (hair follicle)

Question 33

pediatrics, warts | most are self-limited

Answer 33

HPV infxns 6 and 11\ | HPV-16 and HPV-18

Question 34

HPV carries e6 and e7

Answer 34

e6 makes p53 into tp53 | e7 makes Rb into RB

Question 35

blistering disorders (bullous)

Answer 35

pemphigus bullous pemphigoidj dermatitis herpetiformi

Question 36

Autoimmune, rare Middle aged/ elderly women Type 2 hypersensitivity IgG anitbodies Fish-net like pattern

Answer 36

pemphigus

Question 37

most commnon type of pemphigus Skin & mucosa---face, scalp, axillae, groin Blisters are suprabasal

Answer 37

Pemphigus vulgaris

Question 38

skin only---no mucosa | blisters are corneal

Answer 38

pemphigus foliaceus

Question 39

what is acantholysis?

Answer 39

separation of cells

Question 40

skin and mucosa of tho forearm, axilla, groin Blisters are subepidermal Autoimmune, older adults

Answer 40

Bullous pemphigoid "tense bullae" outer epidermis is fully intact

Question 41

location---torso, gluteal, elbows, knees autoimmune---10% of celiac patients males, 20-40

Answer 41

dermatitis herpetiformis

Question 42

dark, flat, round, "coin-like", "stuck on"---Leser-Trelat sign More

Answer 42

seborrheic keratosis

Question 43

benign skin lesions in oily areas of body--head/neck slow growing nearly flesh tone

Answer 43

sebaceous adenoma

Question 44

dysplastic (pre-cancer)----atypia sun-exposed areas small, tan/broqn, "sandpaper like" lesions tx. local eradication

Answer 44

actinic keratosis

Question 45

2nd MC skin cancer | older adultsm sun-exposed skin

Answer 45

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 46

Risks, Total UV, males, burnsm ionizing rad, tar/oil, arsenic, chronic ulcers

Answer 46

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 47

``` MC skin cancer older adults, sun-exposed Risks UV, mutated tumor suppressor genes PTCH (hedgehog path) TP53 ```

Answer 47

Basal Cell carcinoma

Question 48

What is the atopic triad? | think back to atopic dermatitis

Answer 48

atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis

Question 49

what can appear alongside erythema multiforme?

Answer 49

antecedent infxns include HSV and those caused by mycoplasmas and some fungi

Question 50

you will see this skin condition in 10% of patients with arthritis

Answer 50

psoriasis

Question 51

Psoriasis induced by local trauma in susceptible persons is termed whaat

Answer 51

Koebner phenomenon---a local inflamm response that promotes lesion development

Question 52

what is auspitz sign

Answer 52

multiple bleeding points assoc with psoriasis

Question 53

what is wickham striae

Answer 53

white dots or lines hightlighting the papules of lichen planus