chapter 23: respiratory system Flashcards
(146 cards)
what is the areolar CT of respiratory mucosa?
lamina propria
explain how mucus & cilia work together as a protective feature of the respiratory system?
mucus escalator: particulates from the inspired air get stuck in the mucus which is then swept out of the respiratory tract by the beating cilia
why do smokers tend to cough a lot?
cilia is destroyed by the chemicals in smoke, person is chronically drowning in their own mucus, cough is a mechanism to attempt to clear respiratory passages
the nasal cavity has three pairs of what in it to cause air to swirl as it passes through?
nasal conchea
the internal nares exit into what which is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium & contains the pharyngeal tonsils?
nasopharynx
why do neither the oropharynx or the laryngopharynx have cilia?
shared space with digestive system, has epithelium that resists abrasion from potentially sharp food
what is the elastic cartilage flap that cover the glottis during swallowing?
epiglottis
to produce wine-glass-shattering soprano sounds, vocal folds would need to be very what?
narrow and tight
what muscle is attached to the ends of hyaline cartilage, provides for constriction of the trachea in response to parasympathetic stimulation?
trachealis
the last branches of the conducting portion of the respiratory tree are what?
terminal bronchioles
all the alveoli serviced by one respiratory bronchiole is a what?
alveolar sac
what are the cells of the alveolar cells that produce surfactant?
type II
what happens when there’s a block occurs in a branch of the pulmonary artery which reduces blood flow & causes alveolar collapse?
pulmonary embolism
how many lobes does the right lung have?
3
what’s the serous membrane that covers the surface of the lung?
visceral pleura
what describes a lung that has elastic recoiled because it loss the surface tension that had been keeping it attached to the thoracic cavity wall and what’s the common cause of this?
atelectasis; pneumothorax
when the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity what in size & air moves in or out?
increases, in
what occurs when there’s patient fails to produce enough surfactant to prevent alveoli from collapsing?
respiratory distress syndrome
what is the quiet breathing which only involves the diaphragm & external intercostal muscles?
eupnea
the amount of air you can force in behind the tidal volume (TV) is what?
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
what is the amount of air that actually reaches the alveoli for gas exchange per minute at rest?
alveolar ventilation
the earth’s atmosphere is 20% oxygen; at sea level or high at a mountain, still 20%, so what causes high altitude sickness then?
fewer overall molecules as elevation increases (20% of 1000 is 200 but 20% of 10 is only 2) resulting in lower partial pressure & thus less diffusion into the blood (above 25,000ft of elevation there are not enough oxygen molecules diffusing into the blood sustain cellular respiration)
in the tissues, the partial pressure (PP) of carbon dioxide is higher in the tissues than in the blood so the carbon dioxide diffuses from what to what? but at the lungs the partial pressure (PP) are reversed so the carbon dioxide diffuses from what?
tissues to blood; blood to alveoli
why does carbon monoxide poisoning occur even when oxygen is available?
CO binds to hemoglobin more strongly than O2