Chapter 23 - Physical Therapy and Rehab Flashcards
difference between rehabilitation and physical therapy
rehab is broad care
PT is specific care
The goal of physical therapy is to return the affected ______ and the ______ back to its prior level of _______
area
animal
function
eight goals of physical therapy
1) Reduce PAIN and
2) Accelerate Healing
3) Maintain and restore Range of Motion
4) Prevent Fibrosis or soft tissue contraction
5) Prevent disuse atrophy
6) Gain Strength in paralyzed limbs
7) Positive psychologic encouragement
8) Educate owner with home care programs
five indications for a referral to PT
Orthopedic conditions
Post Operative
Neurological conditions
Wound care
Other conditions (weight loss, wellness)
three kinds of exercise based therapies
passive exercise
active assistive exercise
active exercise
three purposes of exercised based therapy
Strengthen specific muscles or muscle groups
Building Endurance
Enhancing Balance and proprioception (Reeducation of normal posture and Gait)
what kind of exercise based therapy:
Mimics normal muscle pumping action
No voluntary muscle contraction from the patient
passive exercise
passive exercise requires ______ assistance with muscle movement
total
passive exercise improves ______ ______ and ______ awareness in affected limb
blood flow and sensory
passive exercise is:
Total ________ with _________ movement
Improves _______ _______and _________awareness in affected limb
assistance
muscle
blood flow
sensory
passive exercise is NOT a _______ and should never be ________
stretch
forced
what kind of exercise based therapy:
Requires outside force to assist with range of motion
active assistive exercise
active assistive exercise is:
________ assistance with muscle movement
For _________ of weak limb, >familiarity of movements
minimal
stretching
what kind of exercised based therapy:
Produce movement by active muscle contraction
active exercise
active exercise based therapy is:
_______ assistance with muscle
movement
Build ________
NO
strength
hydrotherapy is the use of water to reduce ________ _______
gravity buoyancy
two benefits to hydrotherapy
Decrease the concussive force on joints
Strength and balance
what should the temperature of the water be for hydrotherapy
warm water
two benefits of using warm water for hydrotherapy
Assists in pain reduction
Accelerates healing process
three ways to do hydrotherapy
underwater treadmills
pool
ponds, streams
two benefits of land treadmills
Strength and endurance
Foot placement-balance
four tech roles with land treadmills
Teach …without fear
Assist
Monitor
Record
Systematic and scientific manipulation of soft tissue to obtain or maintain health
massage
four types of massage
shiatsu
sports
TTEAM
swedish
type of massage:
finger pressure
acupuncture points
myotherapy
shiatsu massage
pushing out blood and then allowing it to come back into the trigger point
myotherapy
Three ways to classify sports massage
event - pre-, inter-, post
maintenance
most common massage in North America
swedish massage
swedish massage technique - long, smooth strokes
effleurage
swedish massage technique - kneading, squeezing, pulling
petrissage
swedish massage technique - tapping rhythm, hacking
tapotement
swedish massage technique - cross fiber, circular or linear
friction
swedish massage technique - shaking, vibrating fingers
vibration
three things that passive range of motion should do
Stretch, prevent stiffness
Enhance blood flow, stimulate cartilage
Prevent loss of range of motion
Application of an electrical current to stimulate nerves, muscles, and soft tissue
electrical stimulation
two forms of electrical stimulation
NMES
TENS
what does NMES stand for
neuromuscular electrical stimulation
what does TENS stand for
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
six benefits of using electrical stimulation
Enhance muscle performance
Retard muscle atrophy
Increase strength and range of motion
Accelerate wound healing
Reduce pain and edema
Enhance transdermal
administration of medications
what does PEMF stand for
pulsed electromagnetic field therapy
two benefits of pulse electromagnetic field therapy
decrease inflammation (arthritis)
increase circulation
what tool is used for pulsed electromagnetic field therapy
Assisi loop
Deep-heating agent converting electrical energy to high-frequency sound waves
ultrasound
two kinds of ultrasound therapies
thermal
non thermal
which kind of ultrasound:
increases metabolic rate, increases enzyme activity, increases circulation and tissue extensibility and offers pain reduction.
thermal ultrasound
which kind of ultrasound:
reduces muscle spasm and pain, accelerates healing, aids in tissue regeneration, repairs soft tissue, reduces swelling
nonthermal ultrasound
ultrasound prep includes:
Area of application must be ______
Skin cleaned with _______
Water-soluble _____ for probe use
shaved
alcohol
gel
8 things to never use ultrasound on
Eyes
Malignancy
Infections
Areas of decreased circulation and sensation
Thrombi
Pregnant uterus
Carotid sinus
Exposed spinal cord
uses infrared energy
low level laser (therapy laser)
what kind of PPE is needed for low level laser
protective eyewear
what should you do for black pigmented skin receiving low level laser
wet the skin
treatment times for low level laser are figured by what
Joules per meter squared
four benefits to low level laser
Stimulates wound healing.
Decreases pain.
Retards scar tissue formation.
Increases bone density.
Low level laser locally stimulates production and release of ________ _______, a natural ________, from ________.
nitric oxide
vasodilator
hemoglobin
Laser therapy stimulates _______ through laser energy
tissue
four areas to not use low level laser over
Eyes
Active malignancies
Pregnant uterus
Directly over topical heating - Ben-Gay
four unique areas that low level laser can be used over
Metal implants
Pins or screws
Pacemakers
Defibrillators
cold and heat therapy is used to decrease ______ and ________, ______ skeletal muscles, reduce muscle _______, reduce joint ________
pain and inflammation
relax
spasms
stiffness
four examples of how to do cryotherapy
cold packs
ice massage
cold baths
cold compression units
cryotherapy is the vaso_______ of the blood vessels
constriction
cryotherapy offers ______ of the area
anesthesia
heat therapy is the vaso_______ of the blood vessels
dilation
heat therapy increases the permeability of _______ and the ______ system
capillaries
lymphatic
heat therapy ______ tight muscles to reduce pain
relaxes
heat ________ joint stiffness
decreases
Support weak or non-functioning body part
supportive and assitive devices
three forms of supportive and assistive devices
boots
slings
2 or 4 wheeled carts
Boots can protect feet when conscious ________ defects are present
proprioception
Boots should be removed periodically to maintain ______ ______ and also during _______ exercises
skin condition
rehab
Orthotic devices _______ a limb and prosthetic devices ______ a limb
support
replace
orthotic devices _______ or ______ movement of a limb
prevent or correct
orthotic devices ______ the limb and ______ the joint
rest
protect
